00:01hi there and welcome to the history
00:03teacher this revision video covers
00:05weimar and nazi germany from the gcse
00:07edexcel nine to one course hopefully
00:10you'll also find it useful if you're
00:11studying any of the other exam boards or
00:13if like me you just love history i'm 100
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00:27hi there guys today we're going to be
00:28looking at germany at the end of world
00:30war one and the impact it had on the
00:32early years of the weimar republic first
00:34of all we need to understand some of the
00:36key facts about world war one and the
00:37effect it had on germany you'll remember
00:40from key stage three that germany had to
00:41face the combined might of the allies
00:43britain france russia and later the usa
00:46the war lasted four years from 1914 to
00:491918 and during that time two million
00:51german troops were killed and four
00:53million were wounded the war was
00:54extremely expensive for all of the sides
00:56but for the germans it caused spiraling
00:59debt which by 1918 was three times the
01:01debt they had in 1914 in 1918 the
01:05british navy blocked german trade routes
01:07which prevented german supply ships from
01:08delivering food to the ports this led to
01:11severe food shortages and it is
01:12estimated that 750 000 people died from
01:16hunger as a result of this in stuttgart
01:18and hanover people protested and rioted
01:20in the streets in munich the people
01:22declared a general strike and the
01:23communist ideas of workers and soldiers
01:25councils became popular remember the
01:28russian revolution had only taken place
01:30the year before so leaders of all
01:31countries in the west were afraid the
01:33same could happen in their own country
01:35this is really what led to germany
01:36losing the war unable to feed its people
01:39or troops resistance at the front began
01:40to collapse by november 1918 the country
01:43was in uproar with protest strikes and
01:45riots spreading throughout the country
01:47the final nail in the coffin for the
01:48kaiser was the navy rebellions in kiel
01:51and hamburg sailors refused to follow
01:53orders supported by workers in both
01:54towns they refused to set sail and fight
01:56the british shouting for freedom and
01:59brought peace and bread the unrest
02:01spread throughout germany kaiser and his
02:02ministers had lost control of germany
02:04and there were now calls for his
02:05abdication on the 9th of november 1918
02:08kaiser wilhelm ii's ministers told him
02:10that the only way to restore order would
02:12be for him to abdicate at first he
02:15refused but he was losing the support of
02:17senior military leaders as well as the
02:19general population and by the evening of
02:21the night he saw that he had no choice
02:23late on the 9th of november the kaiser
02:25abdicated and on the 10th of november
02:27wilhelm ii escaped the country and went
02:30into exile in holland meanwhile on the
02:32streets of berlin people were calling
02:34for the abdication of the kaiser and the
02:36establishment of a communist government
02:37in his place alarmed by this turn of
02:40events one of the leading members of the
02:41social democratic party the sdp philip
02:44scheidermann gave a hurried speech to
02:46the gathered crowds to announce the
02:48abdication of the kaiser and told them a
02:50republic would be set up in his place he
02:52asked for calm while this was
02:53established the sdp had to be quick in
02:56setting up the republic as the crowds
02:58were angry and anxious for change as
03:00soon as the kaiser abdicated on the nine
03:02the role of chancellor was passed to
03:04frederick ebert the leader of the sdp
03:06moving quickly the following day evac
03:09contacted the leader of the army to
03:10agree to work together and then eva
03:12suspended the old reichstag and formed a
03:14council of people's representatives the
03:16plan was for six leading politicians to
03:19leave the country until a formal
03:20constitution could be written these
03:22quick actions and the use of terms like
03:24people's representatives calmed the
03:26crowds who could see the action was now
03:28being taken and thus they were able to
03:30avoid a communist revolution the leaders
03:32of the council of people's
03:33representatives were forced to accept
03:34that germany could not continue to fight
03:36in a war that no longer had to support
03:38the people not to mention the fact that
03:40they could no longer supply the troops
03:42therefore on the 11th of november 1918
03:44mathias erzberger a representative of
03:47the new government met with the leaders
03:48of the allied nations in a train
03:50carriage in france there he signed the
03:52armistice the agreement to end the war
03:54and at 11 am on the 11th of november
03:561918 the great war ended for many
03:59germans this was seen as a portrayal of
04:01the men who had sacrificed their lives
04:03but many more this was seen as a
04:04betrayal of a germany that had not lost
04:07the war in battle the following nine
04:09months was dangerous for the republic
04:10ebert had to keep the people on side as
04:12well as the leaders of industry and the
04:14army there were some groups especially
04:16extreme political parties who were
04:17openly hostile to the new republic and
04:20angry at germany's defeat to keep order
04:22and prevent another uprising ebert took
04:24several steps firstly he kept all the
04:26existing civil servants who had run
04:28germany under the kaiser this was
04:30because the civil servants knew what
04:32they were doing and understood germany's
04:33needs they were ordered to work with the
04:35workers and soldiers councils to keep
04:37things like schools taxes and public
04:39services going secondly he kept up
04:41communication with the leaders of the
04:43army so they would help ebert keep
04:44control he met with the leaders of
04:46industry such as coal and shipping to
04:48reassure them and to encourage them to
04:50continue to supply germany and finally
04:52he met with the leaders of trade unions
04:54and agreed to certain changes to working
04:56conditions to keep them on side
04:58ultimately eva managed to get control of
05:00germany in the month following the
05:01armistice but his control was weak as we
05:03will see the threats from extreme
05:05political parties and the risk of public
05:07unrest remained ever-present throughout
05:08the years of the weimar republic as it
05:10came to be known okay that's everything
05:12for today don't forget to like and
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05:27everything for today and i will see you
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