00:00If a job can be done by human
and it cost $1,000.
00:04Because you can't really calculate
faster than the machines.
00:08Then you let the robot do it.
It will just cost roughly around $200.
00:12AI will make a lot of jobs
disappear in the future.
00:15How much more information kids get nowadays
00:19It's just completely different now
00:21We still use the same way
to teach them.
00:24And then the more I think about it,
the more I feel like
00:27we need to push to change that.
00:32I'm the director of the Stanford AIRE program.
00:34You know, the era of AI is
in the near future.
00:37And I would say it's actually
now it's started already.
00:40I'm passionate trying to figure out
what is the right way
00:43of teaching the next generation
in the era of AI and robotics.
00:50We have a lot of people are afraid of AI,
so they try to avoid this.
00:56They're like, Oh,
I want to stay away from that.
00:58But the thing is that that's
probably one of the most powerful tool
01:01that we have ever invented.
01:03If you don't use these tools,
then you cannot really compete
01:06with anyone like other people.
01:08I think there's a few things
we need to change.
01:11One is that we need to start a teach
AI Thinking as early as possible.
01:17AI Thinking will allow them
to know the difference between human and AI.
01:22And then the human part is really
the innovation part from 0 to 1.
01:27That's where I cannot do a good job.
We need to focus on that.
01:31There's three important thing about AI Thinking
01:35With the first thing,
you need to have general understanding of how AI works
01:39In the past, AI is basically mostly based on the rules
or the specific algorithms
01:46that we write in the computer.
01:49The humans set the rules
01:52we developed a different algorithms
01:56like deep learning,
reinforcement learning based on data,
01:59because we have much more powerful computers
that can handle a way, more data,
02:05and then they will develop and trying to find
the most optimized solution based on the current data.
02:11And then the more data you have,
the better solution you usually will get
02:15if you do the first one.
02:17The second one is that you will gain
the ability to differentiate
02:21the human ability versus the machine's ability
or AI's ability.
02:25I think probably most of the audience don't know.
02:28There's a scientific research area
called structural biology.
02:32Scientists in this field
study the structure of a protein.
02:36Proteins are so important
for all the living creatures.
02:39The whole world have like 100 to 200 million proteins.
02:43This research area, like scientists,
02:45a lot of them are focusing on determining
the structure of these proteins.
02:49We humans only find just a very little number of
these proteins, like the structures of it
02:56However, this AI is called AlphaFold.
02:59That's from DeepMind.
03:00In the past two years,
AlphaFold predict like the structure
03:04of almost all the proteins in the world,
03:07and they put it in the open database online.
03:10So a job, once the machines can do it, then let the machines do it,
03:14and then we focus on the human part
03:16after you get the first two.
03:18The third one is you will have the ability to work with AI
03:22And use AI to help you
to accomplish other jobs.
03:24There is critical part is from 0 to 1,
which basically that we invent something that doesn't exist before
03:31and we probably can do 0 to 1 better
03:33with AI providing a lot of information
and things like that.
03:37So we should prepare our kids
to learn how to innovate,
03:41to generate new ideas,
to use AI to help us, that kind of stuff.
03:48Creativity, It's a..
03:50it's something
that is really hard to teach
03:54or some people think creativity cannot be taught
03:57how to teach people creativity.
04:00This thing get changed
by the Stanford Design Thinking
04:03We can use this method to teach you
how to systematically to make innovations.
04:08Design Thinking is a methodology
that we use here at Stanford to teach
04:13people how to make innovations,
04:15and we do not make you
04:18as innovative or creative as Steve Jobs or Elon Musk
04:22However, we can use this methodology
to make you
04:26more creative or innovative than yourself.
04:30So design thinking has steps
that you can follow.
04:33The first step is empathize.
04:35First, you have to understand
who you're inventing for
04:38are you inventing for your parents
or you're inventing for
04:42children who are studying in the school?
04:44You have to understand
who are the users.
04:46Then you empathize with them,
especially their emotion.
04:49And then you go to the second step,
which is called Define
04:52A lot of people, They didn't have
the right problem to start with.
04:56Then you have to define
that problem clearly
04:59and then you go to the third step,
which is ideation, which is using brainstorming
05:04to generate a lot of ideas,
and then you kind
05:06and then you kind of get feedbacks from the users.
05:09You pick the good ones to prototype.
05:12After you do the prototype,
which is the fourth step,
05:14you do test what the user and then you get feedback.
05:18Maybe the feedback is good
or maybe the feedback is bad,
05:20but you have to do redesign or reinvent.
05:23We have a phrase called
all design is redesign.
05:28if you realize, Whoa, I actually didn't define this problem right,
then you go back to the step two.
05:33So you have to go in this iterations
05:36Eventually you will have
some very nice inventions.
05:40But when you read books and or you listen
to some lectures, whatever,
05:45after you finish in that you didn't understand it yet
05:49you have to use it several times to really feel it.
05:52Let me give you an example
in one of the class at Stanford.
05:56So basically this project is about
how to get good incubators,
06:00get more incubators for Nepal
06:03At first that actually a lot of people
06:05are just trying to say,
well, just design it in California.
06:08But then we say, Well,
you have to gain empathy.
06:11You need to go to the the real place.
06:14If you have never been to Nepal,
how can you design for that?
06:17They actually fly to Nepal
and they went to the mountains.
06:20And to their surprise, they actually see a lot of
these expensive incubators in these medical centers.
06:27They actually are not lack
of those machines,
06:29but they don't know how to operate them.
06:31Problem is defined wrong.
They have to redefine the problem.
06:35And then they went back to these villages
and talk with those farmers.
06:39We do need those things,
but not in these medical centers.
06:42We need in our home.
We need the cheap ones.
06:44So then they actually design
a very cheap,
06:47like kind of functioning as a baby incubator
and had very good success.
06:53And that's a good example.
06:54The problem was defined wrong at first,
and then they go into
06:59This Design Thinking process and they find a way
to redesign the problem
07:02and then they solve their right problem.
07:08The most interesting thing about AI
& Robotics there is a few of them.
07:12I think the first one is ChatGPT,
because it's probably a surprise
07:16for a lot of people
that AI can talk with people
07:20in that very natural way.
07:22And also it can not only chat with you,
it can also write code for you.
07:26It seems like he knows a whole lot
and it's smarter than a lot of people
07:30and which surprised people
07:32So and also it's going
to change education for sure,
07:36because now kids can use chatGPT
to write essays and do homework.
07:41So then teachers need
to think about how to deal with that.
07:44Actually, I just gave my student
an assignment yesterday.
07:50I asked a student to write an essay.
07:52I said, Well, you know what?
We just talked about ChatGPT in the class.
07:57Now I'm going to give you an assignment
to write an essay with the help of ChatGPT.
08:01I'm not really asking you to not use it.
08:03I ask you to use it.
08:04And then after that class
I will have short discussions
08:07with each of you
and tell me how you use it.
08:11I think that technology advancement,
you cannot trying to ignore it
08:17or trying to avoid it, it's happening
08:20and it's just like water.
08:21You cannot block it.
You have to go with it.
08:25For me, I want to understand
how ChatGPT is going to impact our education system
08:31and I want to work with our students
to understand that better.
08:35So that's why I gave this homework for my students
08:39I'm a big fan for Autobots, Transformers
08:42I grew up with those cartoons,
and I'm a big fan of it
08:45Even now I'm still a big fan for Optimus Prime
08:49And that really inspired me that
08:51I always wanted to make cool robots when I was a little kid
08:54I think most kids,
they have a dream when they're young.
08:57It's easier to inspire dream
when someone's in the early ages
09:02after people grow up,
they kind of lose their interest,
09:06they lose their dream,
they don't know what to do.
09:08It's actually critically important
for these little minds to have dreams.
09:13My ultimate goal is to find out
what is the ideal education system for the future.
09:21The education part is really important.
09:23It has profound impact
on the next generation's future,
09:27and that's my ultimate goal.
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