00:00the Loomis method the Riley abstraction
00:02and the asaura hat these are probably
00:05the most famous methods and tools for
00:07drawing ahead but which one should you
00:10and where exactly do you start to find
00:13out let's first look at each one by
00:15itself the Loomis method is a
00:17step-by-step system for drawing a head
00:19that was developed by Andrew Loomis it
00:22is present in most of his books but is
00:24described in most detail in drawing the
00:26hidden hands from 1956. it breaks the
00:29basic structure of the head down into
00:31simple forms in a nutshell the method
00:34works like this it all starts with a
00:36ball then you draw a vertical and
00:38horizontal center lines then you cut off
00:41the sides of the head then you lengthen
00:44the center line of the face and divide
00:46it into three equal parts
00:48then you draw the jaw the eyebrows and
00:51finally you place all the features the
00:56the nose and the lips
00:58with all the guides and simple shapes
01:01the Loomis method helps you get the
01:02basic structure and proportions arrived
01:04and it shows you how to place all the
01:06features correctly it can quickly
01:09produce solid results for beginners also
01:12it allows you to draw the head from any
01:13angle to do this you have to rotate the
01:16ball in perspective and draw the center
01:18lines around the ball you need to think
01:20in three dimensions instead of just two
01:22while the basic front view of the Loomis
01:25method is quick to learn this 3D view is
01:27much harder it requires at least some
01:30experience drawing simple forms in
01:32perspective correctly next up is the
01:35Riley abstraction the Riley abstraction
01:37was created by Frank Reilly at the
01:39beginning of the 1900s
01:41Riley has never published a book on it
01:43but he taught it in art school for about
01:4530 years the Riley abstraction describes
01:47the head in a different way than the
01:49Loomis method instead of being rather
01:51Technical and focusing on straight
01:53construction lines like the Loomis
01:55the Riley abstraction focuses more on
01:57Rhythm and flow it shows how all the
02:00facial forms connect and kind of flow
02:02into each other the method uses a lot of
02:04circles and curved lines to emphasize
02:07the reasons of the face to do this it
02:10not only incorporates the basic
02:12structure of the head like the Loomis
02:13method but also things like bones
02:15muscles wrinkles and other anatomical
02:18details for example it uses circles for
02:21the eyeballs and the chin and curved
02:23lines that kind of represent the
02:26therefore it's more useful if you
02:29already have a basic understanding of
02:30proportions and Anatomy you can learn
02:32more about this method in the book
02:34mastering drawing the human figure by
02:36Jack farragasso who is actually a
02:38student of Riley I'll put a link to all
02:40the books I mentioned this video in the
02:42description box down below
02:44the isara hat is a different animal
02:46altogether it was invented by John asaro
02:49in 1976 and is a simplified model of the
02:52planes of the Hat you can actually buy a
02:54real one on planesofthehead.com
02:56typically it's not used for constructing
02:59a head drawing it's just too geometric
03:01for that it purpose is to act as a model
03:04for light and Shadow shading itself is
03:06indeed a complex topic but the simple
03:08planes of the asaura head can help you
03:10understand it faster unlike the Riley
03:13model the accelerite is rather simple
03:14and doesn't show any muscles or anything
03:17the shapes are deliberately kept simple
03:19and flat so you get a clear separation
03:21between light and Shadow when you've
03:24drawn your head you can use the asaura
03:25head as a reference model for how light
03:27and Shadow Fall just put the accelerate
03:30under a specific light source to achieve
03:32the lining you want and use that as a
03:34reference apart from using it as a
03:36reference you can also use it to create
03:38basic light and Shadow studies with
03:42I recommend checking out my two salary
03:44videos where I describe this in detail
03:46the links will be in the description
03:47below and also at the end of the video
03:52when talking about the Loomis method
03:54everyone just thinks about the basic
03:57did you know that Andrew Loomis actually
03:59had his own version of the asaura Hat
04:01that's right 20 years before the
04:04accelerate was invented Loomis showed a
04:06similar model in his book he called it
04:08basic and secondary planes of the head
04:12also way back in 1943 he already used a
04:16simple mannequin head to show some basic
04:20another thing is that the Loomis method
04:22and the Riley abstraction looks somewhat
04:24different at first but if you compare
04:26them actually both methods start with a
04:30and in both the sides are cut off
04:33so all together these head drawing
04:35methods are maybe not as different as
04:37you might think at first
04:38but still all of them have the place for
04:41sure in isolation each one has a
04:43specific Advantage the Loomis method is
04:46great for beginners to learn the basic
04:47instruction and shape of the head in
04:49also offers a useful step-by-step
04:53the right abstraction is good for making
04:55your drawings more rhythmic and flowing
04:57and making them feel less constructed
05:00and the isara head is a useful tool when
05:02you try to learn about light and Shadow
05:05and this is actually a good sequence to
05:07follow try the Loomis method first to
05:10become familiar with the basic shape of
05:12the head once you've come the hang of it
05:14try experimenting with the Riley
05:16abstraction to put more flow into your
05:17drawings and finally use the asaura head
05:20to learn how light and Shadow Fall on a
05:22head and actually you can use this exact
05:24sequence on one specific drawing as well
05:27start with a basic Loomis head draw flow
05:30lines from the Riley abstractions on top
05:32and then use the sride as a shading
05:34reference but as John asaro himself said
05:37this knowledge of the head is only a
05:40sword one must find his or her own path
05:43there comes a time when you will
05:45probably break the rules you will break
05:47free of these constraint models and the
05:49exact step-by-step process because the
05:52more heads you draw the more intuitive
05:54your ability to draw the basic head
05:55shape will become and you will kind of
05:57get a feeling for getting the
05:59proportions right without hundreds of
06:01lines to guide you the more experienced
06:03together the less you will depend on
06:05drawing the exact construction every
06:07single time you might even find that you
06:09end up mixing and matching certain
06:11elements from different head drawing
06:12methods just use what you feel is useful
06:15and discard what's not and still you can
06:18always fall back on these basic methods
06:20of construction whenever you feel stuck
06:22or when you're trying to draw new or
06:24extreme angles going back to the basics
06:27is always a good idea now make sure to
06:30check out these two videos on screen
06:31right now and these I go into more
06:33detail on how to master light and Shadow
06:35with your sour head thanks for watching
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