00:01at 11:15 p.m. on February 28th 1986 in downtown
Stockholm longtime prime minister of Sweden Olaf
00:10Palma and his wife elizeth left the Grand Cinema
and began walking down spay of aen Avenue to a
00:17nearby Subway Station to catch a train home they
had no security detail the Prime Minister often
00:24preferred to go among the public as if he were an
ordinary citizen passing the Adolf Fredick Church
00:30they crossed to the east side of the street and
continued heading south they paused to look in
00:35a shop window but only briefly then as they
crossed the intersection with tunnel gotten
00:41[Music] alley [Music]
01:17even before Mrs Palma fell to her knees over
her husband anah haa stopped at a red light
01:23nearby caught sight of a man collapsed on the
sidewalk as a nearby figure dashed into the
01:28adjacent alley fearing an emergency and being
a nursing student herself she leapt from the
01:34car and ran to the man lying on the snow
dusted sidewalk she saw blood coming from
01:39his mouth this was bad she reached for his neck
no pulse she turned him on his back and began
01:46chest compressions and attempting mouth to mouth
within moments a man passing in a taxi Stefan
01:52glance joined her efforts neither of them had
any idea this was the Prime Minister this was
01:59Justin ordinary citizen after disputing with
the victim's wife about the importance of the
02:04life-saving efforts someone else began to try
to move the victim's legs saying he ought to
02:09be lying on his side Anna told him off saying
this man's heart had already stopped this was
02:16all they could do she was so engrossed
in her work she made no memory of his
02:21face Lars yepsen snapped his head over his right
shoulder and saw a man on fa ven just ahead fall
02:31to the ground into his view he must have been
shot then footsteps on the opposite side of
02:36tunnel gotten but some kind of shed obstructed
the sources and noise Lars turned to look over
02:42his left shoulder a glimpse someone it had to
be a man seemed to Fumble with something as he
02:49ran toward the nearby stairs then quick as he
came he was obscured again Lars dashed after
02:55the man who was now bounding up the stairs
before pursuing him further Lars sto stopped
03:00and looked at the man lying on the ground he
wondered if he should help but he saw others
03:07rushing to do so it was up to him to chase the
shooter he went to the stairs but stopped again
03:13at the first step he didn't want to follow
too closely at the top of the stairs he saw
03:18the shooter pause only for a split second
and glance over his right shoulder before
03:23disappearing Lars ran as fast as he could but
he never caught another certain glimpse of the
03:30shooter Stig angstrom only heard one loud pop
as he left his office building at 44 Fagen
03:40he figured it was a car's exhaust bang nothing
unusual as downtown noise goes as he proceeded
03:46down the street after attempting to check his
watch he saw a man lying on the ground whom he
03:51presumed to be a passed out drunk a woman was on
her knees beside him asking for someone to call
03:58an ambulance a young young man and woman hovered
over him and then he saw the blood coming from
04:04the man's mouth now he knew something was wrong
the older woman said he was shot and the killer
04:12had run down tunnel gten angstrom looked down
that way and saw the silhouette of a figure
04:17standing there against a lighted wall looking
in their Direction he looked back at the body
04:23on the ground then back down tunnel gten the man
was gone then he tried to help turn the victim
04:30on his side to help drain the blood away but he
was already dead except enstrom's story changed
04:40a lot in fact his behavior became so bizarre and
untrustworthy he eventually became a suspect in
04:48Palma's murder in 2020 Swedish police even
pronounced with certainty that he was the
04:55murderer but angstrom committed suicide in 2000
with nobody to put on trial after nearly 35 years
05:04of active investigation into the murder of one of
Europe's most controversial Cold War era leaders
05:11the police closed the case and who really
killed Olaf Palmer remains a [Music] mystery
05:34of course to understand why someone would want
to kill Olaf Palma we need to know what he was
05:40wearing check the police report it's accurate
we also need to know what kind of guy he was
05:47so who was Olaf Palma in short he was a man
of contradictions born in 1927 to a wealthy
05:56conservative family Palma would go on to
become one of the most most consequential
06:00Social Democratic politicians in Swedish history
an aristocrat turned champion of the working class
06:08moreover as a young man when he traveled to
America he would spend a year studying at a
06:13fine liberal arts college before buming it across
the country as a hitchhiker by the way that school
06:19he went to Kenyan College pretty cool not that
we're biased or anything anyways to Palma America
06:27was both in inspiration possessing a remarkable
Spirit of equality and openness and a cautionary
06:35tale as inequality and racism showed the Perils
of failing to commit fully to one's ideals but
06:42his travels didn't end there in Eastern Europe
he grew to despise Soviet totalitarianism and
06:49in Southeast Asia he saw the colonized peoples of
the world demanding recognition of their rights
06:55to self-determination as he returned to Sweden
palman knew one thing very clearly the Sweden
07:02which raised him which chose neutrality in World
War II and the Sweden which existed today which
07:09chose silence in the Cold War could no longer be
tolerated if Sweden wanted to practice politics
07:16of equality at home it had to start doing so on
the world stage standing up for the downtrodden
07:23not just domestically but internationally as
luck would have it political opportunity fell
07:29right into his lap as in 1951 Palma happened
to meet then prime minister taga erlander on
07:35a chance train ride as he was traveling home
alone and among the ordinary folk as Social
07:41Democratic politicians so often did arander was
immediately impressed with Palma and soon enough
07:48Palma was the prime minister's personal secretary
over time his responsibilities grew and so did
07:54the Public's awareness of his contradictions
here was a Social Democrat ratic politician
08:00campaigning for the Everyman but who was clearly
not one of them he came from a wealthy family for
08:06one but more importantly Palma was haughty and
strident a man of immense talent and capability
08:14and who wasn't necessarily humble about it
still he overcame the criticism and became
08:20prime minister in 1969 immediately he sought to
remake Sweden's foreign policy abandoning quiet
08:26neutrality in favor of in aggressive Third
Way between America and the Soviet Union a
08:33fierce critic of American hypocrisy and Soviet
Horrors all the same the principle was simple
08:40the downtrodden of the world had a friend
in Olaf Palma's Sweden these simple facts
08:47inevitably raise the question of equality of
a more equal distribution between countries
08:55and within countries we are beginning to
see the outl lines of this problem and
09:00the consequences but we are not yet ready to
accept the full implications of international
09:07solidity of course making such friends brings
plenty of enemies at home as economic troubles
09:16began to worsen critics regarded Palma as more
interested in those suffering outside Sweden
09:22than within though he led his party to its first
defeat in 40 years only 6 years later in 1982 he
09:29led a return to power and return to form making
Sweden into the country of support for South
09:36Africa's ANC in their fight against apartheid
among other efforts Palma was a brilliant
09:43difficult man his aspirations were equality
democracy and international fraternity but
09:50at the same time he liked the spotlight and
was stubborn to a fault paradoxically Palma
09:57desperately wanted to be like like the people
he fought so hard for so on that cold February
10:03night Palma dismissed his security guard and set
out to see a movie as if he were just an ordinary
10:10citizen from the moment Olaf Palma hit the
ground police were behind the curve multiple
10:21Witnesses phoned Emergency Services immediately
but police were late to the crime scene giving
10:26killer crucial time to escape Palma took minutes
to identify given Elizabeth's non-responsive State
10:32of Shock and at headquarters police failed to
put out a call for additional Manpower while
10:37Stockholm wasn't locked down until 3 hours after
the murder at the crime scene witness questioning
10:43was terribly disorganized several key Witnesses
with crucial testimony were sent home the police
10:50perimeter was too small and passers by Trampled
over key evidence including the bullet used to
10:57kill Palma as time went on Maverick cops
developed their own pet theories the lead
11:03investigator was convinced that a leftist Kurdish
group was behind the assassination now this wasn't
11:09totally implausible at first but he held on
to it even as it became increasingly clear
11:15there was nothing really to go on he even shut
down an inquiry into Stig angstrom thinking his
11:20own Theory needed the attention and resources
all this police misconduct snowballed leaving
11:27in increasingly Cold Trail the murder weapon
determined by ballistics investigations to be
11:33a 357 Magnum was never found despite their only
being 10 such weapons missing under suspicious
11:40circumstances in the entire country even as more
plausible suspects emerged the evidence against
11:45them was often circumstantial capturing the
killer started to look more and more unlikely
11:51if not downright impossible with little in the way
of decisive detective work to narrow things down
11:59the list of suspects in Olaf Palma's murder
is immense running the gamut from completely
12:05deranged to highly plausible usually intricate
theories of tightly organized conspiracies end
12:11up on the deranged end of the spectrum but in
the case of Olaf Palma there's one such Theory
12:16worth considering the South African connection the
motive is simple Palma was the foremost political
12:26figure in the west supporting the fight against
apartheid for South Africa's white supremacist
12:32government killing Palma could do wonders so when
Palma died a few people did point at South Africa
12:39but it wasn't actually until 1996 10 years after
the murder and 2 years after the end of Apartheid
12:46that the theory gained any steam as the New Black
South African government was sorting through the
12:52crimes of the period a former government agent
named Eugene De alleged that a spy known to have
12:59assassinated a number of anti-apartheid activists
families Craig Williamson had orchestrated the
13:05Palma murder now decock didn't say much else but
independent journalists have pieced together a
13:12story as it goes Williamson was selected for
the job because he'd spent years infiltrating
13:18Swedish organizations which supported thec rather
than pulling the trigger he would keep his hands
13:24clean providing resources and Intel to a Swedish
Middleman who hated Palma and had the connections
13:31to recruit someone for the actual Dirty Work enter
bertl Weeden an avowed Swedish right-winger who
13:37worked as a mercenary for rhia's white supremacist
government in the 1970s Williamson and Weeden had
13:44met all the way back in 1980 and today Stand
Accused of collaborating on the burglary of
13:50anti-apartheid activist offices in London a charge
which if true certainly helps paint the picture
13:57of these two men as inter ational clandestine
criminals so the South African government has
14:03a motive Williamson and Weeden have the means but
what about opportunity here the theory gets a bit
14:10murky perhaps Weeden recruited a disaffected
right-winger to do the job someone without a
14:16lot of experience but with plenty of passion and
naive enough to take the fall if caught whoever
14:23the gunmen the theory goes they would have been
trailing Palma for some time finally seen their
14:28chance that night after the movie pulled the
trigger and fled how does this Theory hold up
14:36well there's a compelling motive and Williamson
was a serious guy a Bonafide killer but it's
14:43pretty incomplete who actually pulled the trigger
there's not really much to say despite some pretty
14:49rigorous journalistic work to figure it out
not to mention the Cox's accusation came at a
14:55time when former apartheid officials could get
amnesty for their crime Crimes by presenting
14:59evidence against each other now that's not proof
he was lying but he would have had an incentive
15:06to do so true or not this Theory points to
important insights about power and identity
15:12The Core Concepts at the heart of Palma's own
story and personal contradictions Williamson
15:18spent his entire career working tirelessly to deny
recognition to an entire people literally killing
15:25those who stood in his way apartheid South afca
afca's intense need to suppress the recognition
15:32of millions was a powerful force one that however
unlikely could have stretched thousands of miles
15:41onto a dark Stockholm Street in February to
kill a man who'd spent his life doing the
15:49opposite several early Witnesses including
Olaf's Son Martin testified to seeing someone
15:59Outside The Grand Cinema before and after the
screening and following the pmas as they left
16:06the search for the so-called Grand man LED
police first to Ulf spiners a sedy character
16:12who claimed to know something about the murder
in turn they encountered christop Pon Who as a
16:18friend of spinners was able to provide him with
an alibi interestingly this was not the first
16:24time the police had met with patteron after
suffering a traumatic head injury as a Young
16:29Man Pon developed a habit of substance abuse and
addiction and soon began Landing himself in more
16:36trouble ultimately stabbing a drug dealer to death
in 1970 an event which garnered him prison time
16:43and the nickname the bayonet killer but about that
alibi Pon claimed Spinners had been staying at his
16:50apartment on the edge of town that evening Pon
had taken the train downtown to visit The Oxen
16:56club which was owned by drug dealer sigga cerran
he then left the club around 10: p.m. taking the
17:03train home to arrive at about 11:30 a plausible
timeline given his apartment's distance from
17:09Central Stockholm it all made sense in fact this
whole group of low lives appeared to be a dead
17:16end but after 2 years of fruitless investigations
and a decision to retrace their steps the police
17:24noticed an oversight they hadn't bothered to
ask sren if he even seen Pon that night at
17:30the club so in 1988 the police asked sedran who
was ironically at the tail end of a prison stint
17:38about the affair as it happens he hadn't seen Pon
that night at all he volunteered an explanation
17:46for the mixup perhaps peton had wanted to buy some
drugs and stopped by ced's apartment he lived near
17:53The Grand Cinema now they had a suspect so they
sought out old Spinners once more who now disputed
18:01the very story which provided him in Alibi for
the murder asserting that Pon hadn't returned
18:06home until 12:30 ample time to have committed
the crime it was time to talk to Pon his Alibi
18:15didn't change much but it was now a couple years
later more detailed he'd left in the early evening
18:22gone to the oxen Club hung out with seden and
his girlfriend where incidentally he signed an
18:28David as a witness to their opening a shared bank
account gotten drunk taken the train home fallen
18:33asleep passed his stop and had to go all the way
back home thus explaining his late arrival except
18:41neither cedrin nor his girlfriend testified
to seeing Pon at the club that night and that
18:47document existed but was undated Pon just might be
their culprit so the police set up a lineup a key
18:56Grand man witness and oloff Palma's Son Martin
who both testified to seeing someone follow the
19:02Palmas from the theater picked out Pon although
quite tentatively then they called in Elizabeth
19:08Palma to view a video lineup she refused to be
anywhere near the Killer and she identified Pon
19:15stating it's evident who it is that was enough
Christ Pon was charged with the murder of Olaf
19:22Palmer the trial that began in June of 19
1989 was a disaster for Pon his defense lawyer
19:32was unnecessarily confrontational with elizeth
Palma who remained a sympathetic figure with the
19:38Swedish public in fact Pon was convicted almost
exclusively on the basis of her testimony however
19:45the conviction wasn't unanimous and Pon was
granted an appeal 2 months later citing evidence
19:52of lisbet Palma's State of Shock and unreliability
along with police misconduct in nut judging her
19:58selection at the lineup while lacking evidence for
any clear motive for Pon his appeal was successful
20:06Christ Pon was innocent without compelling new
evidence it was impossible to retry him even as
20:13he made conspicuously self-incriminating remarks
and media appearances apparently motivated by
20:19compensation for his sensationalism Pon died
in 2004 leaving behind a frustrating trail of
20:26circumstantial evidence and unanswered questions
maybe he had the means ceden who dealt not only in
20:33drugs but also weapons claimed to have sold Pon
a revolver which matched the forensic criteria
20:40as for motive the popular Theory goes ironically
enough cedrin bore a passing resemblance to Palma
20:47and for whatever reason Pon had it out for him
like he did the last drug dealer he killed as
20:54for opportunity it's plausible he was hanging
around the area of the theater and on a dark
20:59night could have mistaken Palma for sedran or
someone else however the most compelling part
21:07of the story is merely how good a story it is
Palma was an extraordinary politician who just
21:15wanted to walk the streets of the city he loved
with his wife as just an ordinary citizen one
21:22can almost say if Pon did it that he got what he
wanted dying an anonymous sudden death in a case
21:29of mistaken identity as if he were nobody at all
but what if there were a more poetic ending what
21:37if the suspect were also more credible enough
to even convince the police in 2020 to name him
21:44Palma's killer and closed the case well there is
Stig angstrom the third eyewitness from the intro
21:52the man whose story just kept changing let's take
a look at what he said to police the night of the
22:02murder according to the notes angstrom had just
finished work for the evening and had just come
22:07out into the street when he heard what he first
thought was an exhaust bang however he soon saw
22:13that someone was lying on the ground and also
that there were people around him as he passed
22:17the alley by tunnel gotten he looked there against
a lighted wall he saw a man in his 20s wearing a
22:24dark blue jacket a couple notes on enstrom's
timing and position according to this telling
22:29he's just outside 44 spagen roughly 50 to 60
M away from the shooting when it occurs and
22:37according to angstrom he clocked out at 11:20
p.m. the shooting took place at approximately
22:431121 and 202s so he would have had to clock out
in the late seconds of 1120 at the earliest if
22:52he really heard the shooting just outside his
office that is as long as the time clock is at
22:58accurate so angstrom says he heard a bang then
saw Palma surrounded by Witnesses and then saw
23:04a man lurking in tunnel gotten in fact that's
all pretty reasonable Lars yepsen the second
23:11eyewitness from the intro the man who chased the
killer up the stairs testified the same night to
23:16police according to their notes that he hesitated
for a moment whether to rush down to the injured
23:22person or whether to pursue the perpetrator he
would later clarify that he crossed to the north
23:27side of tunnel gotten before doing so a crucial
detail because this makes him visible from where
23:33angstrom was standing this is a vital point in
enstrom's Alibi if he really saw Lars it makes
23:40his guilt very hard to believe recall that at the
time Lars was standing in that spot he testified
23:47the killer was already bounding up the steps
and had made it some distance to see Lars on
23:52the north side of tunnel Goten would have been
very difficult from anywhere other than where
23:57angstrom claimed to be standing what about the
rest of his statement well he makes a few bizarre
24:04remarks but they're ultimately explained with
a little investigation unfortunately there's
24:10just not enough time for two guys making monthly
videos to get into all of that here but if you
24:15want to learn more supporters on our patreon get
access to our podcast where we discuss things that
24:21don't make the cut for videos like this link in
the description so enstrom's story makes enough
24:28sense the problem is he didn't stick to it first
his position at the time of the murder changed
24:37the earliest police notes imply he claimed he
was 50 m away when he heard the shooting but
24:43he later claimed to be much closer saying he'd
walked with quick steps almost half running as
24:50he was in a hurry to get to the subway when he was
about 20 M from the intersection at tunnel gten he
24:56heard a bang part of the the discrepancy may be
attributed to the police abridging the story in
25:01the earliest notes but there are bigger problems
if angstrom was just 20 M away and jogging it's
25:08unlikely Anna the intro's first eyewitness Palma's
first attendant or Stefan could have gotten there
25:15before angstrom further enstrom's jogging makes
little sense as he had plenty of time before the
25:22last train second the timing started to get fuzzy
too in his third conversation with police angstrom
25:30attempts to explain his failure to register the
gunshots appropriately by claiming that he was
25:36distracted trying to look at his dark watch but
he'd never mentioned this detail before and he'd
25:43just then clocked out of work if he was worried
about time surely he would have taken a look at it
25:48then before mistakenly assuming he needed to rush
to the station finally in successive statements
25:55angstrom expanded his own invol involvement in
administering first aid to Palma from casting
26:01himself as a helpless bystander to offering advice
about how best to position the victim all the way
26:07to actively attempting to turn him on his side
there are other examples but these are the most
26:14conspicuous instances of apparent dishonesty and
they all have one thing in common a persistent
26:22effort by angstrom to establish himself closer to
the crime and more involved in the aftermath put
26:29another way if he were innocent enstrom's first
story is perfectly credible he left work heard
26:36the shot ran to the scene and even saw Lars
yepsen where he's supposed to be confirming
26:43the timing end of story so why lie well perhaps
he got lucky with his first story perhaps he'd
26:51caught a glimpse of Lars when Lars caught a
glimpse of him after all lars's description
26:57of of the killer middle-aged dark down jacket
something like a cap on his head and with a
27:03wide back sounds rather like angstrom a heavys
set middle-aged man who wore a dark coat and a
27:10cap the night of the crime according to the 2020
police announcement the motive is simple angstrom
27:17craved attention a middle-aged guy working late
nights in a dead-end job who strolled out into
27:23the street one night exhausted and bitter and
saw a man who had at all he was famous beloved
27:30by many countrymen a politician who had the
confidence the arrogance to waltz around at
27:36night alone as if nothing could touch him but Stig
had the chance to put him in his place so he did
27:44of course murder is rarely rewarded with agulation
and fame but scorn and infamy unless you kill the
27:52Prime Minister of Japan check out our video on
that assassination after this one so so angstrom
27:58fled dissatisfied he sought the Limelight telling
the police a story that made him seem important
28:04but it wasn't enough he even complained to his
wife the police weren't paying attention to him
28:10in response he changed his story and inflated his
role so he's got a plausible motive but what about
28:18means and opportunity it turns out angstrom
had a neighbor acquaintance who collected
28:24guns and owned a revolver which fit the forensic
search criteria so he could have had means as for
28:32opportunity a building employee testified that
the time clock essential to enstrom's Alibi was
28:381 minute fast meaning that if enstrom's time card
showed 11:20 p.m. he really clocked out at 11:19
28:47much too early for his story to make sense and
early enough to spot the Palmas walking down the
28:53street tail them and commit the crime angstrom
begins to look like quite a believable suspect
29:00except another building employee claimed the time
clock was 1 minute slow which means angstrom would
29:07have really clocked out at 11:21 perfectly in time
for his original story to add up and late enough
29:14to make it impossible for him to shoot Palma the
police never tested the time clock once again his
29:21original story was perfectly believable so why lie
well perhaps the police are right about enstrom's
29:30character even if he didn't kill Palma he was an
early arrival to a freshly murdered prime minister
29:37but was ignored by police on account of lacking
any useful information so he changed his story and
29:45exaggerated his role to gain attention simple and
believable in effect this motive Cuts both ways
29:54explaining his behavior whether he's guilty or
innocent inent in fact most people on both sides
30:00of his case point to his attention seeking as
the primary motive for his behavior yet again
30:05a frustratingly inconclusive Theory but while the
case for enstrom's Guilt is riddled with holes it
30:13has some convincing moments perhaps most of all
because it offers an even more poetic ending than
30:20Patterson an extraordinary man of great importance
walks the streets alone pretending to be ordinary
30:28not only does he die an anonymous death a sort
of wish ironically granted he's gunned down by
30:34his polar opposite an ordinary Man Who Thought
with the pull of a trigger he could change his
30:41fate become extraordinary and here we are almost
40 years later and thousands of miles away still
30:50talking about the lowly Stig enstrom weather Palma
was killed by a villainous secret agent a hapless
30:59drug addict or a hopeless loser the story of his
death is a fascinating one of course there's the
31:06extraordinary drama of it all walking alone
on a cold dark February evening the shadowy
31:13gunmen slipping away into the night the police
blunders and the many compelling and bizarre
31:20suspects Palma was a man of contradictions a rich
man working for the poor a powerful individual
31:28working for group solidarity but so was Sweden
a nation which preached the obligation of each
31:34to his neighbor while opting for neutrality
and shering that responsibility on the world
31:40stage because liberal democracy is full of these
contradictions liberalism preaches Universal and
31:47alienable rights yet it must tolerate differences
between countries lest we attempt to police the
31:54world and democracy prizes The Voice of
the individual even as it seeks to bring
32:00us together in coexistence and compromise what's
more democracy promises that all are equal even
32:09as it regards some like Palma as special still
a citizen but something more While others like
32:18angstrom may still yearn perhaps violently to be
something greater than yet another citizen in the
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