00:12in 1913 because this was when Henry Ford
00:15developed his first assembly line in
00:17Highland Park Michigan it's a very
00:19well-known story and at the time the
00:21concept was revolutionary and reduced
00:24the time taken to build a car from over
00:26ten hours to one and a half hours at the
00:29same time the cost reduced by half to
00:31three hundred and fifty dollars and for
00:34the first time that would flow
00:35production was introduced into the
00:37lexicon think of that image of a stream
00:40flowing steady and continuously to its
00:42mouth it was this concept of flow that
00:45would play a major part in the lean and
00:47agile concepts of the future the next
00:51date of note is 1948 this was when
00:54Toyota again another car manufacturer
00:57began its journey to improve their
01:00assembly line and introduced a Toyota
01:02Production system or TPS it was
01:06developed by two engineers teg Ohno and
01:09eg Toyota it is regarded as a socio
01:13technical system recognizing the
01:15interaction and the interdependence
01:17between the technology and the people
01:19who work with it it focused on three
01:23core objectives the reduction of Murray
01:26our overburdening about the system and
01:29the people maura are the smoothing out
01:32of an evenness and mood at the
01:34elimination of waste all three are
01:37important components but within that
01:39much focused is given to waste a set of
01:43seven types of ways to identified
01:45including items like overproduction
01:47defects unnecessary movement etc an
01:51eighth item was introduced in the 90s
01:54around underutilization of people over
01:58the next thirty years
02:00Toyota would go on to develop the Toyota
02:02way and as this gained traction around
02:04the world and as it moved west it would
02:07morph into what we now call lean
02:09manufacturing or simply lean this term
02:14lean was first mentioned in a paper in
02:151988 triumph of the lean production
02:18system it still focused on muda murray
02:21and mora and also focused on increasing
02:26moving anything that does not add value
02:30so all in all the second half of the
02:3220th century saw the origins and
02:34flourishing of lean in manufacturing
02:37over time Lean principles began to
02:40spread wider than manufacturing nowadays
02:43we hear about lean product development
02:44lean construction lean government this
02:48list goes on in each case the objectives
02:51can be very different and hence the
02:53methodologies in the thinking have
02:55evolved to solve the problems for that
02:56specific area so let's move on to agile
03:01iterative and incremental development
03:03can be seen as far back as the 1950s
03:06I'll start this story in 1986 because
03:09this was when a Harvard Business Review
03:11article called the new new product
03:14development game use the concept of
03:16scrum from a rugby scrum and it denoted
03:20a shift from the idea of relay races
03:22with team handing the baton to another
03:25team to another team to finish the race
03:27to the idea of a single unit of people
03:30working together from start to finish to
03:33complete an endeavor it was in software
03:36development where these principles
03:38gained traction to become agile as we
03:41know it today through the 90s a number
03:44of different methodologies and
03:45frameworks for software delivery were
03:47being conceived and growing XP Rob rad
03:52scrum was also beginning in the early
03:561990s two groups were working with scrum
03:59and their respective companies and in
04:011995 Jeff Sutherland and Ken Schreiber
04:04joined he presented the paper describing
04:07the scrum framework at the Business
04:09Objects design and implementation
04:11workshop and scrum continued to evolve
04:14with the others in 2001 came the
04:18now-famous gathering of 17 individuals
04:21in snowboard Utah this group who
04:24represented many of the methodologies
04:26that were being practiced at that point
04:28came together and agreed on an
04:31overarching manifesto which for values
04:34could be called objectives or perhaps
04:38of 12 principles it was the birth of a
04:41TIA and it was quickly followed in 2002
04:44by the agile alliance and the book agile
04:47software development with scrum by
04:49Schreiber and Beadle it was from 2001
04:53that agile began to take off and became
04:56the beast that it is today recognized as
04:58a highly efficient way to develop
05:00products but with the caveat that its
05:02simplicity to understand does not
05:05translate into ease of implementation
05:08there are many hurdles to agile rollout
05:11in an organization to give one example
05:14it doesn't fit well with the current
05:16business models that are in place in the
05:18world today it is to address this
05:21disparity between the organization's
05:23management model and the emerging
05:26product development framework that I now
05:27turn within three or four years of the
05:32agile manifesto we began to see the
05:34emergence of new frameworks to deal with
05:36the area of enterprise agile frameworks
05:39like scrum at their core focus on how to
05:41get a team to work in a highly efficient
05:44and sustainable way but it doesn't
05:47really address the question of how
05:48multiple teams work together to deliver
05:50value so from 2005 we start seeing new
05:54frameworks less safe Nexus Dada
05:57and these aimed to address agile at an
06:00enterprise level the liberating agile
06:05framework with its focus on team
06:07responsibility and just-in-time decision
06:09making it really BOTS heads with large
06:12enterprise and it's hierarchical
06:14decision-making an risk-averse approach
06:16became apparent that there wouldn't be
06:19easy bedfellows organizations began to
06:22understand this and to see the need for
06:23an evolution in their business models to
06:26take advantage of this and I note books
06:29like Fredrik la Luz reinventing
06:31organizations which gives an in-depth
06:34view of the current evolution of large
06:37enterprise more recently in the same way
06:40that we have seen lean branch out past
06:42manufacturing we've begun to see the
06:44agile spirit move beyond software
06:47development from bank auditing to
06:50and the prices are beginning to use
06:52agile methods to deliver the term agile
06:56software development is being replaced
06:57with the term a drug product development
06:59did you know that its benefits are
07:01beyond its original remit and applicable
07:04to many groups who are delivering
07:06complex emergent change and that brings
07:10us pretty much up to today I hope this
07:13helps to give you a very quick
07:14Whistlestop tour of agile and lean if
07:18you have any questions or comments
07:19include them below our ping separately
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