00:02 president Pizza mr. vice president
00:05 governor congressman Thomas senator
00:11 Wiley and congressman Miller mr. Webb
00:14 Bell scientists distinguished guests
00:19 ladies and gentlemen I appreciate to
00:21 your president having made me an
00:24 honorary visiting professor and I will
00:26 assure you that my first lecture will be
00:29 very brief I am delighted to be here and
00:32 I'm particularly delighted to be here on
00:34 this occasion we meet at a college noted
00:39 for knowledge in a city noted for
00:42 progress in a state noted for strength
00:45 and we stand in need of all three four
00:49 we meet in an hour of change and
00:51 challenge in a decade of hope and fear
00:55 in an age of both knowledge and
00:57 ignorance the greater our knowledge
01:00 increases the greater our ignorance
01:02 unfolds despite the striking fact that
01:07 most of the scientists that the world
01:09 has ever known are alive and working
01:12 today despite the fact that this
01:15 nation's own scientific manpower is
01:18 doubling every 12 years in a rate of
01:22 growth more than three times that of our
01:26 population as a whole
01:27 despite that the vast stretches of the
01:32 unknown and the unanswered and the
01:36 unfinished still far outstrip our
01:40 collective comprehension no man can
01:43 fully grasp how far and how fast we have
01:47 come but condense if you will the 50,000
01:53 years of man's recorded history in a
01:57 time span of but a half a century stated
02:00 in these terms we know very little about
02:03 the first 40 years except at the end of
02:07 them advanced man had learned to use the
02:10 skins of animals the
02:12 then about ten years ago under this
02:15 standard man emerged from his caves to
02:19 construct other kinds of shelter only
02:22 five years ago man learned to write and
02:25 use a cart with wheels Christianity
02:29 began less than two years ago
02:32 the printing press came this year and
02:35 then less than two months ago during
02:39 this whole 50-year span of human history
02:42 the steam engine provided a new source
02:46 Newton explored the meaning of gravity
02:49 lies love electric lights and telephones
02:53 and automobiles and airplanes became
02:56 available only last week did we develop
03:00 penicillin and television and nuclear
03:03 power and now if America's new
03:06 spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus we
03:11 will have literally reached the stars
03:13 before midnight tonight this is a
03:16 breathtaking pace and such a pace cannot
03:20 help but create new ills as it dispels
03:24 old new ignorance new problems new
03:28 dangers surely the opening vistas of
03:32 space promise high cost and hardships as
03:37 well as high reward so it is not
03:40 surprising that some would have us stay
03:43 where we are a little longer to rest -
03:47 we bought this city of Houston this
03:50 state of Texas this country of the
03:53 United States was not built by those who
03:55 waited and rested and wished to look
04:07 this country was conquered by those who
04:11 move forward and so will space
04:14 William Bradford speaking in 1630 of the
04:20 founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony said
04:23 that all great and honourable actions
04:25 are accompanied with great difficulties
04:28 and both must be enterprise and overcome
04:32 with answerable courage if this capsule
04:36 history of our progress teaches us
04:38 anything it is that man in his quest for
04:42 knowledge and progress is determined and
04:44 cannot be deterred the exploration of
04:47 space will go ahead whether we join in
04:51 it or not and it is one of the great
04:54 adventures of all time and no nation
04:57 which expects to be the leader of other
05:01 nations can expect to stay behind in
05:03 this race for space those who came
05:07 before us made certain that this country
05:11 rode the first waves of the Industrial
05:14 Revolution the first waves of modern
05:16 invention and the first wave of nuclear
05:19 power and this generation does not
05:22 intend to founder in the backwash of the
05:27 coming age of space we mean to be a part
05:30 of it we mean to lead it for the eyes of
05:37 the world now look into space to the
05:41 moon and to the planets beyond and we
05:44 have vowed that we shall not see it
05:48 governed by a hostile flag of conquest
05:51 but by a banner of freedom and peace we
05:57 evolved that we shall not see space
05:59 filled with weapons of mass destruction
06:02 but with instruments of knowledge and
06:05 understanding yet the vows of this
06:09 nation can only be fulfilled if we in
06:13 this nation are first and therefore we
06:24 in short our leadership in science and
06:29 industry our hopes for peace and
06:32 security our obligations to ourselves as
06:35 well as others all require us to make
06:39 this effort to solve these mysteries to
06:42 solve them for the good of all men and
06:45 to become the world's leading
06:47 spacefaring nation we set sail on this
06:52 new sea because there is new knowledge
06:54 to be gained and new rights to be won
06:58 and they must be won and used for the
07:02 progress of all people for space science
07:05 like nuclear science and all technology
07:08 has no conscience of its own whether it
07:12 will become a force for good or ill
07:15 depends on man and only if the United
07:18 States occupies a position of
07:21 preeminence can we help decide whether
07:26 this new ocean will be a sea of peace or
07:30 a new terrifying theater of war I do not
07:35 say that we should or will go
07:37 unprotected against the hostile misuse
07:41 of space any more than we go unprotected
07:44 against the hostile use of land or sea
07:48 but I do say that space can be explored
07:51 and nested without feeding the fires of
07:55 war without repeating the mistakes that
07:58 man is made in extending his writ around
08:02 there is no strife no prejudice no
08:06 national conflict in outer space
08:09 as yet its hazards a hostile to us all
08:13 its conquest deserves the best of all
08:16 mankind and its opportunity for peaceful
08:20 cooperation may never come again but why
08:24 some say the moon I choose this as our
08:27 goal and they may well ask why climb the
08:32 is mountain 5 35 years ago fly the
08:36 Atlantic why does Rice play Texas we
08:40 choose to go to the moon we choose to go
08:49 we choose to go to the moon in this
08:52 decade and do the other things not
08:54 because they are easy but because they
08:57 are hard because that goal will serve to
09:01 organize and measure the best of our
09:04 energies and skills because that
09:07 challenge is one that we are willing to
09:09 accept one we are unwilling to postpone
09:12 and one we intend to win and the others
09:15 too it is for these reasons that I
09:21 regard the decision last year to shift
09:24 our efforts in space from low to high
09:27 gear as among the most important
09:30 decision that will be made during my
09:32 incumbency in the office of the
09:34 presidency in the last 24 hours we have
09:38 seen facilities now being created for
09:41 the greatest and most complex
09:42 exploration in man's history we have
09:46 felt the ground shake and the air
09:49 shattered by the testing of a Saturn c1
09:52 booster rocket many times as powerful as
09:55 the Atlas which launched John Glenn
09:59 generating power equivalent to 10,000
10:02 automobiles with their accelerator on
10:04 the floor we have seen the site where
10:08 five f1 rocket engines each one as
10:11 powerful as all eight engines of the
10:14 Saturn combine will be clustered
10:17 together to make the advanced Saturn
10:20 missile assembled in a new building to
10:23 be built at Cape Canaveral as tall as a
10:27 48 story structure as wide as a city
10:31 block and as long as two lengths of this
10:35 field within these last 19 months at
10:38 least 45 satellites have circled the
10:41 earth some 40 of them were made in the
10:44 United States of America and they were
10:47 far more sophisticated and supplied far
10:50 more knowledge to the people of the
10:51 world than those of the Soviet Union the
11:01 the Mariner spacecraft now on its way to
11:05 Venus is the most intricate instrument
11:08 in the history of space science the
11:11 accuracy of that shot is comparable to
11:14 firing a missile from Cape Canaveral and
11:16 dropping it in this stadium between the
11:20 transit satellites are helping our ships
11:23 at sea to steer a safer course tyrus
11:27 satellites have given us unprecedented
11:28 warnings of hurricanes and storms and
11:31 will do the same for forest fires and
11:34 iceberg we have had our failure but so
11:38 about us even if they do not admit them
11:40 and they may be less public to be sure
11:47 you'll be sure we are behind and we'll
11:51 be behind for some time in manned flight
11:54 but we do not intend to stay behind and
11:57 in this decade we shall make up and move
12:08 the growth of our science and education
12:11 will be enriched by new knowledge of our
12:14 universe and environment by new
12:17 techniques of learning and mapping and
12:19 observation by new tools and computers
12:22 for industry medicine the whole as well
12:25 as the school technical institutions
12:28 such as rice will reap the harvest of
12:31 these games and finally the space effort
12:34 itself while still in its infancy has
12:38 already created a great number of new
12:40 companies and tens and thousands of new
12:43 jobs space and related industries are
12:47 generating new demands and investment
12:49 and skilled personnel and this city and
12:52 this state and this region will share
12:56 greatly in this growth what was once the
12:59 furthest outpost on the old frontier of
13:02 the West will be the furthest outpost on
13:05 the new frontier of science and space
13:13 your city of Houston with its manned
13:16 spacecraft Center will become the heart
13:20 of a large scientific and engineering
13:23 community during the next five years the
13:27 National Aeronautics and Space
13:28 Administration expects to double the
13:31 number of scientists and engineers in
13:33 this area to increase its outlays for
13:36 salaries and expenses to sixty million
13:39 dollars a year to invest some 200
13:41 million dollars in plan and laboratory
13:44 facilities and to direct or contract for
13:48 new space efforts over 1 billion dollars
13:50 from this Center in this city to be sure
13:54 all this costs us all a good deal of
13:57 this year's space budget is three times
14:01 what it was in January 1961 and it is
14:05 greater than the space budget of the
14:07 previous eight years combined that
14:10 budget now stands at five billion four
14:13 hundred million dollars a year a
14:15 staggering sum though somewhat less than
14:19 we pay for cigarettes and cigars every
14:21 year space expenditures
14:29 these expenditures will soon rise some
14:33 more from 40 cents per person per week
14:36 to more than 50 cents a week for every
14:40 man woman and child in the United States
14:42 for we have given this program a high
14:45 national priority even though I realized
14:49 that this is in some measure an act of
14:52 faith and vision for we do not now know
14:55 what benefits await us but if I were to
14:59 say my fellow citizens that we shall
15:02 send to the moon 240,000 miles away from
15:07 the control station in Houston a giant
15:10 rocket more than 300 feet tall the
15:14 length of this football field made of
15:17 new metal alloys some of which have not
15:20 yet been invented capable of standing
15:23 heat and stresses several times more
15:26 than have ever been experienced fitted
15:28 together with a precision better than
15:30 the finest watch carrying all the
15:33 equipment needed for propulsion guidance
15:35 control communications food and survival
15:39 on an untried mission to an unknown
15:43 celestial body and then return it safely
15:47 to earth re-entering the atmosphere at
15:50 speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour
15:53 causing heat about half that or the
15:56 temperature of the Sun almost as hot as
15:58 it is here today and do all this and do
16:01 all this and do it right and do it first
16:04 before this dictators out then
16:17 I'm the one who's doing all the works
16:20 gift points to stay cool for a minute
16:23 however I think we're going to do it and
16:26 I think that we must pay what needs to
16:28 be paid I don't think we ought to waste
16:30 any money but I think we ought to do the
16:32 job and this will be done in the decade
16:35 of the 6th it may be done while some of
16:37 you are still here at school at this
16:39 College in university it will be done
16:41 during the terms of office of some of
16:43 the people who sit here on this platform
16:45 but it will be done and it will be done
16:48 before the end of this decade and I am
16:50 delighted that this university is
16:52 playing a part in putting a man on the
16:55 moon as part of a great national effort
16:57 of the United States of America
17:06 many years ago the Great British
17:09 explorer George Mallory who was to die
17:12 on Mount Everest was asked why did he
17:16 want to climb it he said because it is
17:18 there well space is there and we're
17:21 going to climb it and the moon and the
17:24 planets are there and New Hope's for
17:26 knowledge and peace are there and
17:28 therefore as we set sail we ask God's
17:32 blessing on the most hazardous and
17:34 dangerous and greatest adventure on
17:37 which man has ever embarked thank you
