IMMIGRATION and MIGRATION in the Gilded Age [APUSH Review Unit 6 Topic 8] Period 6: 1865-1898

Heimler's History2021-01-14

322K views|3 years ago

💫 Short Summary

This section of the AP US history curriculum explores the massive wave of immigrants and migrants into the United States during the late 19th century, focusing on how cultural and economic factors affected migration patterns over time. It discusses the distinction between immigration and migration, the impact of immigration on the industrial workforce, the changes in urban areas due to immigration, and the significant exoduster movement of Southern Black people to the West.

✨ Highlights

📊 Transcript

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The United States experienced a significant wave of immigration, with 16 million immigrants arriving mainly from Europe, including the British Isles, Scandinavia, and Eastern Europe.

00:00

Immigrants left Europe due to growing poverty, overcrowding, and joblessness.

Some immigrants, such as Jews in Eastern Europe, came to the US to escape religious persecution.

Immigrants settled in industrial cities like Chicago, Pittsburgh, and New York, contributing to the diversity of the workforce.

✦

Immigrants from Asia, particularly Chinese people, also migrated to the US, changing the demographics of the western cities.

01:32

The middle class and the wealthy in the US moved away from the urban areas, leading to industrial cities being predominantly inhabited by the working class and urban poor.

Immigrants and other working-class members lived in crowded and poorly constructed tenements, leading to health issues and disease outbreaks.

Despite the challenges, immigrants found solidarity in ethnic enclaves, established cultural institutions, and fought for their rights.

✦

The Exoduster movement refers to the mass migration of Southern Black people to the West, particularly Kansas, Oklahoma, and Colorado, to escape the oppression and segregation of the Jim Crow era.

03:10

The end of Reconstruction and the rise of terror groups like the Ku Klux Klan led to the disenfranchisement of Black people in the South, prompting them to seek better opportunities elsewhere.

Organizations such as the Colored Relief Board and the Kansas Friedman's Aid Society were created to assist the Black migrants.

Many Black migrants successfully found work in urban centers, but those who attempted to homestead faced challenges due to land scarcity and exploitation by railroad speculators.

00:00 hey there and welcome back to heimlich

00:01 history now we've been going through

00:02 unit six of the ap u.s history

00:03 curriculum and in this video and the

00:05 next we're going to consider the huge

00:07 movements of immigrants and migrants

00:09 into and around the united states during

00:11 this period so get them brain cows

00:13 squarely stationed in the milk trough

00:15 and let's get to it so what we're aiming

00:16 to accomplish in this video is to

00:18 explain how cultural and economic

00:20 factors affected migration patterns over

00:22 time so first we need to make a

00:24 distinction between immigration and

00:26 migration like they sound like the same

00:28 thing but they are not immigration is

00:29 when a group of folks moves from one

00:31 country to another migration is when a

00:33 group of folks moves within the same

00:36 country from region to region and during

00:38 the period from 1865 to 1898 both kinds

00:41 of movements occurred in the united

00:42 states so let's look at both first

00:44 immigration now in the last part of the

00:46 19th century the u.s population grew by

00:48 a multiple of three now some of that

00:50 population explosion was due to

00:52 old-fashioned baby-making but a large

00:54 portion of it was due to a massive wave

00:56 of immigrants arriving on the american

00:58 shores something like 16 million of them

01:00 now mainly these immigrants arrived from

01:02 europe especially from the british isles

01:04 scandinavia and europe in general they

01:05 left europe because of the growing

01:07 poverty there and overcrowding and

01:09 joblessness and some like jews in

01:10 eastern europe immigrated to flee

01:12 religious persecution other immigrants

01:14 showed up from russia and italy and the

01:16 balkans as well but no matter where they

01:18 came from they largely settled in

01:19 industrial cities like chicago and

01:21 pittsburgh and new york to them america

01:23 seemed to be a land of opportunity and

01:25 thus the industrial workforce became far

01:28 more diverse with all of these new folks

01:30 now this was mainly a phenomenon on the

01:32 eastern coast of america but over in the

01:34 west immigrants from asia largely

01:36 chinese people flooded in as well

01:38 chinese immigrants have been arriving

01:39 since the california gold rush days in

01:41 the 1840s and 1850s and during this

01:43 period asian immigrants continued to

01:45 arrive in substantial numbers now as a

01:47 result of all these new kinds of people

01:49 flooding into industrial cities the

01:51 cities themselves began to change in the

01:53 days before the civil war people from

01:55 different social classes lived together

01:57 in the cities but during the gilded age

01:58 the middle class and the wealthy did a

02:00 little migrating of their own leaving

02:02 behind the cities and moving away from

02:04 the urban hustle that meant that the

02:05 industrial cities were largely made up

02:07 of the working class and the urban poor

02:09 many of them immigrants and in the

02:11 cities where this bifurcation occurred

02:13 the working-class districts became all

02:15 kinds of squalid immigrants and other

02:17 members of the working class crowded

02:18 into hastily built tenements which were

02:20 poorly constructed and poorly ventilated

02:23 and in addition to the depressing

02:24 condition of such living spaces the

02:26 residents close proximity to one another

02:28 assured frequent outbreaks of diseases

02:30 like cholera and typhus and tuberculosis

02:32 but it wasn't all doom and gloom

02:34 immigrants from the same cultures did

02:36 find each other and established ethnic

02:38 enclaves where they found a sense of

02:40 solidarity with one another and

02:41 re-established some of their cultural

02:43 institutions for example irish

02:44 immigrants established catholic churches

02:46 and eastern european jews built

02:47 synagogues immigrant groups established

02:49 banking institutions where they could

02:50 deposit their earnings in political

02:52 organizations that fought for immigrant

02:54 rights on a smaller scale some

02:56 immigrants opened urban grocery stores

02:58 that sold food reminiscent of their

02:59 homeland and in all those ways

03:01 immigrants established their own culture

03:03 among the pressing difficulty of

03:05 industrial urban life okay now that

03:06 we've talked about immigration during

03:08 this period let's switch gears and talk

03:10 about migration and one of the most

03:11 significant migrations during this

03:13 period was known as the exoduster

03:15 movement which was a mass migration of

03:17 southern black people into the west as i

03:19 mentioned in another video the end of

03:21 reconstruction in the south meant that

03:22 the black population was left to fend

03:24 for themselves without federal

03:26 protection of their rights and as terror

03:28 groups like the ku klux klan grew in jim

03:30 crow laws segregated southern society

03:32 and disenfranchised black folks

03:34 wholesale they began to seek

03:36 accommodation elsewhere and so starting

03:38 in the late 1870s something like 40 000

03:40 black southerners abandoned the south

03:42 and migrated to kansas mainly but also

03:44 in oklahoma and colorado and several

03:46 organizations were created to assist

03:48 them in this movement including the

03:49 colored relief board and the kansas

03:51 friedman's aid society the exodusters

03:54 who were most successful upon arrival

03:56 were the ones who settled in the urban

03:57 centers of kansas and got work as

03:59 domestic servants or trade workers

04:00 however many of the exodusters attempted

04:02 to carve out homesteads in what little

04:04 land was left in kansas after railroad

04:06 speculators had gobbled up all the best

04:08 farmland to build railways and as a

04:09 result the vast majority of black

04:11 homesteaders were still in destitution a

04:14 year after they had moved from the south

04:15 now in talking about immigration during

04:17 this period it's been hard to resist

04:19 talking about all the responses to these

04:21 new people settling in america but that

04:23 is the subject of the next video so i'll

04:25 see you in that one all right that's

04:26 what you need to know about unit six

04:28 topic eight of the ap u.s history

04:29 curriculum if your grades are in squalor

04:31 then i can help you get an a in your

04:33 class and a five on your exam in may

04:34 right here is my a push review packet

04:36 click it now thank me later if you want

04:38 me to keep making these videos then by

04:39 all means subscribe and i shall oblige

04:42 heimler out

💫 FAQs about This YouTube Video

1. What were the main immigration patterns in the United States in the late 19th century?

Immigrants mainly arrived from Europe, including the British Isles, Scandinavia, and Eastern Europe, as well as Russia, Italy, and the Balkans. Another significant immigration influx came from Asia, particularly China, with immigrants settling in industrial cities on the east coast of the United States. The west also saw a substantial number of Chinese immigrants during the California Gold Rush.

2. How did the industrial workforce in the United States change due to immigration?

The industrial workforce in the United States became more diverse with the influx of immigrants from various parts of the world. The immigrants brought with them a rich cultural heritage and significantly impacted the demographic and cultural makeup of the industrial cities, such as Chicago, Pittsburgh, and New York.

3. What were the living conditions like for immigrants in the industrial cities of the United States?

Many immigrants in the industrial cities lived in squalid conditions, crowded into poorly constructed and poorly ventilated tenements. These living spaces contributed to the spread of diseases such as cholera, typhus, and tuberculosis. Despite the challenges, immigrants also found solidarity and established their cultural institutions within ethnic enclaves.

4. What was the Exoduster movement, and where did the migrants go?

The Exoduster movement was a mass migration of Southern Black people to the West, particularly Kansas, Oklahoma, and Colorado, in the late 19th century. The migrants were seeking better opportunities and escape from the oppressive Jim Crow laws and segregation in the South. They were assisted by organizations such as the Colored Relief Board and the Kansas Friedman's Aid Society.

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