Extreme Constructions | Complete Series | All Episodes | FD Engineering
Free Documentary - Engineering2023-02-19
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💫 Short Summary
The video explores the construction of the Medevilia cruise ship, showcasing innovative engineering techniques and eco-friendly features. It also delves into the evolution and advancements of the Paris Metro system, highlighting its historical significance and technological progress. Additionally, the video discusses the construction and expansion of the Suez Canal, detailing the challenges faced and the impact on global maritime trade. The segment concludes with an in-depth look at the technologically advanced Thunderbolt warship, emphasizing its unique capabilities and strategic importance in military operations.
✨ Highlights
📊 Transcript
✦
The Medevilia cruise ship is a feat of engineering and innovation.
02:30It is constructed with 300,000 pieces of steel, featuring cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly elements.
The shipyard responsible for building it is a major European facility known for military and cruise ship construction.
The ship's design focuses on stability, minimal vibrations, and energy efficiency.
Advanced software and algorithms were utilized in the construction process to optimize performance and meet deadlines.
✦
Development of Ideal Ship Hulls through Research and Technology.
11:26Experiments conducted with 150 different hulls to determine the most efficient shape for ships.
Computer calculations now align with sensor measurements, optimizing water resistance for both hulls and propellers.
Massive 20-meter-high ships equipped with large propellers provide exceptional propulsion power and maneuverability.
New generation propellers contribute to smooth navigation, reduce vibrations, and enhance passenger comfort.
✦
Advanced water management technology on the ship Medevilia.
26:54Sea water converted into drinking water using a system.
Membrane filter used for clean water.
Scrubbers installed to reduce sulfur oxide emissions.
Design prioritizes open air spaces for passenger comfort.
✦
Construction of cruise liner focuses on reducing noise pollution and ensuring passenger safety.
50:57Innovative measures include inclining exhaust chimneys and using stabilizers.
Extensive testing involves simulations of gas trajectories and wind penetration.
Workers work around the clock with penalties for delays.
Future ships aim for environmental protection, with a shift towards electric propulsion and elimination of diesel engines.
✦
The Paris Metro system has a rich history dating back to the 19th century.
52:25Innovations in tunneling technology have allowed for modernization and expansion of the Metro system.
Construction projects are carried out with precision and efficiency, incorporating advanced methods like prefabricated concrete parts.
The Metro continues to evolve to meet the growing needs of Paris and its suburbs.
The system reflects a legacy of visionary transportation solutions throughout history.
✦
The Paris Metro construction was innovative and featured artistic masterpieces.
01:06:53The Austerlitz viaduct, completed in 1906, had impressive steel arches and a suspended deck.
Line 1, built in 1899, utilized manual labor for tunneling.
Despite challenges, the Metro was successful, reaching 17 million passengers by 1900.
Today, the Paris Metro boasts advanced technology, with 400 trains carrying over 1.4 billion passengers annually.
✦
The innovative security measures and advancements in technology in the construction of the Paris Metro.
01:14:48Centralized command posts and automated lines were implemented for increased safety and efficiency.
Line one in 1967 represented a major technological advancement in metro systems.
The construction of the Opera station showcased ingenuity and self-sacrifice of specialized builders.
Builders utilized advanced techniques like freezing to create submerged chambers for the metro, requiring meticulous planning and execution.
✦
Maintenance and Renovations of Paris Metro.
01:27:34Over 14 existing lines require constant upkeep to ensure smooth operation.
Historical evolution of Metro's infrastructure and technology, from wooden cars to driverless trains and electronic doors, is highlighted.
Construction of Line 14, a project crossing Paris from east to west, using innovative tunnel boring technology, is described.
Metro's significance to Parisian life and continuous advancements in transportation network are emphasized.
✦
Overview of the Suez Canal construction and evolution.
01:43:11The Suez Canal allows ships to bypass Africa, handling 18,000 ships and 700 million tons of merchandise annually.
In 2014, a new 72-kilometer route was created to accommodate larger ships, deepening the canal to 24 meters.
Construction faced numerous challenges and costs, resulting in the loss of thousands of lives.
The canal's constant maintenance remains a significant challenge, showcasing its evolution and impact over time.
✦
The construction of the extension of the Suez Canal in the Egyptian desert involved immense tasks and advanced technology.
01:47:37The project, completed in 2015, aimed to double the canal's traffic capacity by 2030.
Cutter suction dredgers were used to efficiently remove materials during the construction process.
Challenges faced during the project included time constraints and the need for a significant workforce.
Funding for the project was primarily provided by the Egyptian population, showcasing national support for the endeavor.
✦
Innovations in dredging machines, such as the backhoe Dipper excavator, were crucial in the construction of the new Suez Canal.
01:57:40Engineers encountered challenges with embankment stability due to underwater soil behavior, prompting adjustments in construction plans.
Ferdinand de Lesseps played a key role in obtaining exclusive rights for the construction of the canal project.
Modern hydraulic dredgers, like the cutter suction dredge, have greatly improved the excavation process and ensured uninterrupted navigation during construction.
✦
Overview of the dredging process.
02:07:42Collection of sediments like mud, sand, and stones onboard the vessel with reservoirs holding up to 45,000 cubic meters.
Employment of different clearing techniques like piling and rainbowing to manage dredged materials.
Development of various machines, including the cutter suction dredger, to address challenges like rocky banks and elevated areas.
Utilization of hydraulic pumps to suck up materials and transport them through floating pipes or tubes for disposal.
✦
Construction and Inauguration of the Suez Canal.
02:20:10Specialized excavators and a railway system were used to overcome obstacles during construction.
Inaugurated in 1869, the canal revolutionized maritime trade by reducing travel distances between Europe and the Indies.
Modernization and expansion efforts over the years increased the canal's capacity to accommodate larger ships.
Political events, such as nationalization and conflicts, impacted the operation of the canal, leading to rehabilitation programs and infrastructure enhancements.
✦
Importance of the Suez Canal in global maritime traffic and Egypt's economy.
02:30:51Extension work on the canal to accommodate larger ships leading to infrastructural challenges.
Construction of motorway tunnels under the canal near Port Saeed for improved connectivity.
Introduction of the high-tech command ship Thunderbolt for France's defense and security operations globally.
✦
Introduction of France's technologically advanced amphibious assault ships.
02:37:50The BCP Thunderbolt was unveiled in 2017 and has unique capabilities for maritime strategies and troop landing.
The Thunderbolt played a key role in humanitarian and military missions by efficiently transporting men, cargo, and vehicles.
The ship's innovative design includes a ballast system for controlled sinking and a large apron for storing various amphibious boats.
The Thunderbolt is equipped with the fast and versatile EDAR vehicle, essential for efficient beach landings in amphibious operations.
✦
Key highlights of the Thunderbolt's innovative design and capabilities.
02:52:04The Thunderbolt's innovative landing technique, revolutionary pods for maneuverability, and advanced propulsion system have revolutionized amphibious maneuvers.
The ship's self-positioning feature, GPS-guided pods, and bow thrusters offer exceptional maneuverability and safety.
The Thunderbolt's massive capacity allows for easy storage of vehicles and accommodation for up to 900 soldiers.
The ship's autonomy, design based on cruise liners, and comfortable living areas make it suitable for long missions.
✦
Features of the Thunderbolt warship.
03:02:07The warship has a command center and specialized communication means for top-secret operations.
It functions as a hospital with 69 medical beds, equivalent to a city hospital.
The ship serves as a heliport on water with six pads for helicopters, including the ability to lift heavy aircraft.
Unique rising platforms aid in helicopter operations despite limited space and complex movements.
✦
Technology on the bpc aids pilots in avoiding crashes on the deck.
03:16:22The IPD or slope and descent indicator uses colored beams to guide the pilot's descent, with orange indicating too high, red for correction, and green for on track.
Landing becomes complicated in bad weather at sea due to strong winds.
The size of the Thunderbolt can be a disadvantage.
The helicopter carrier uses quick maneuvers and thrusters to face the wind head-on and ensure safe operations during amphibious and airborne maneuvers.
00:00[Music]
00:02315 meters long 65 meters high a total
00:07weight of 80 000 tons
00:11this is the medevilia the latest Jewel
00:14of the Atlantic's shipyards
00:16cruise ship equipped with all the latest
00:18technology
00:21is
00:28a design that employs an incredibly high
00:31performance system of simulation
00:33calculations and an army of Engineers
00:40a giant puzzle made from 300 000 pieces
00:43of Steel huge sheets of metal had to be
00:46cut and then soldered to perfection
00:49is
00:57[Music]
01:00a huge construction site starting with
01:03the huge Gantry crane the most powerful
01:05lifting machine in Europe capable of
01:07lifting blocks of 1 200 tons and
01:10positioning them to the nearest
01:12millimeter yeah
01:17the Maravilla involved building a real
01:20self-sufficient City for several
01:21thousand inhabitants
01:24[Music]
01:31four years of research and work for a
01:34delivery with a strict deadline
01:40um
01:47Italian for Marvel is not only a giant
01:51of the Seas but also one of the most
01:53ecological liners ever built despite
01:55having unequal propulsion power for this
01:58type of ship
01:59for this crazy venture to succeed the
02:02ship required 6 million hours of work
02:04thousands of men and women with one
02:07mission to build the biggest cruise
02:09liner in history for a European ship
02:11owner
02:16after four years of construction take a
02:19look behind the scenes at an
02:21extraordinary achievement a 600 million
02:24euro giant of the Seas filled with
02:26Innovation the ship of the future
02:34foreign
02:44[Music]
03:02Shipyard is located on the west coast of
03:05France less than 60 kilometers from nant
03:10at a size of 150 hectares it is the
03:13largest Shipyard in Europe and one of
03:15the six largest in the world
03:17on this site military vessels tankers
03:19and New Generation cruise ships are
03:21built always enormous constructions
03:25[Music]
03:27the location of the yards is ideal for
03:30Designing these Giants of the Seas the
03:32Atlantic Ocean is a stone's throwaway
03:34and its depth at high tide allows the
03:37largest ships in the world to be
03:39launched from the construction site
03:42for the construction of the melavilia
03:44the shipyards have to meet very strict
03:46specifications
03:48the stability of the vessel at Sea must
03:50be exemplary seasickness is the last
03:53thing the passengers want and so one of
03:55the priorities of Engineers is to limit
03:57the pitch of the vessel
03:58[Music]
04:01the vibrations felt in the rooms and
04:03also on the deck of the ship must be as
04:05limited as possible
04:10also the customers must not be
04:12inconvenienced by the smoke coming from
04:14the huge chimneys of the ship so the
04:16ship owner demands that particular
04:18attention be paid to this
04:21and it is not only the comfort of the
04:23passengers but is the subject of such
04:25precise studies
04:27the energy consumption of this new liner
04:29was reduced by 20 compared to ships in
04:32the same category this means a fuel
04:34economy of several hundreds of thousands
04:36of Euros per year but also fewer gases
04:39released into the atmosphere the
04:42delivery of the melavilia was planned
04:44for less than four years after the
04:46signing of the contract a strict
04:48deadline if the liner is not ready the
04:51penalties for delay are exorbitant more
04:54than a hundred thousand Euros per day in
04:57order to succeed in this crazy challenge
04:58the shipyards have developed
05:00revolutionary techniques and impeccable
05:03organization
05:04the boats are split up into various
05:06sections
05:09[Music]
05:15of the metal sheet of sheets needed for
05:17the merivilia's construction they arrive
05:19directly in a hangar at the end of the
05:21building site
05:24the sheets will be cut in this 300 meter
05:27long building
05:29this is where the liner comes to life
05:32the 300 000 pieces of the puzzle cut out
05:35day and night take shape
05:38[Music]
05:41decoup
05:54age
05:59robots take care of the cutting work to
06:02the tenth of a millimeter on high
06:04resistance sheets
06:07these steel plates respond to a growing
06:09demand from ship owners
06:11ships unlike military vessels are in
06:14Open Sea configurations
06:18the ship must give an impressive
06:20sensation of lightness the sheets are
06:22therefore very thin another Advantage is
06:25that the lighter the line is the less
06:27fuel it consumes while moving
06:29[Music]
06:37um
06:40cutting the pieces is the first
06:42challenge for the building sites some
06:44sheets can be up to 20 meters long
06:48for engineers the challenge is to get as
06:51many elements out of each sheet as
06:53possible to minimize waste the cut of
06:56each piece is calculated by a computer
06:58which sometimes requires complex cuts to
07:00generate unusual pieces
07:04like this one
07:07the ball alone is a steel monster it has
07:10two purposes
07:12to increase speed thanks to better
07:14penetration of the Water by the ship and
07:17to save hundreds of thousands of Euros
07:19of fuel each year
07:23worked on its development is
07:37we see here the first wave that is
07:39created by the bow of the ship as speed
07:41increases the wave increases and this
07:44massive water will slow down the ship
07:48with the addition of the bulb a second
07:50wave will appear below the bow
07:55foreign
08:00[Music]
08:02The Disappearance of the enormous wave
08:04at the front of the ship less energy is
08:06needed to move the ship forward
08:09the size and form of the bulb adapts to
08:12the bow of each vessel
08:15the selection of the most effective
08:17profile for a bulb is the work of
08:19hydrodynamic Engineers
08:27[Music]
08:36a bold with the best possible profile
08:38decreases water resistance by 20 this
08:42process has been specially developed for
08:44very large vessels
08:51the other part of the liner that also
08:53experiences water resistance is the hull
08:56of the ship
09:00like the bulb the shape of the hull of
09:02the merivilia has also been subject to
09:05considerable research and as such has
09:07benefited from a new system for its
09:10design
09:11optimization
09:20a world first the meadowvalea benefits
09:23from software that allows settings of
09:25the hull to be cross-referenced with sea
09:27conditions this software takes advantage
09:30of new high performance algorithms
09:31called cfd calculations
09:36this new technology for the study of
09:38fluid mechanics has shown spectacular
09:40results which has allowed the hull of
09:42the merivilia to be designed with the
09:44perfect profile
09:47you see if this is a computational free
09:49dynamics that consists a result
09:57um
10:10calculations of the turbulence acting on
10:12the hull of an ocean liner are a
10:14revolutionary part of the merivilia's
10:16design
10:19the results obtained inform Engineers
10:22about the speed of the ship with
10:23different Hull shapes
10:26they allow designers to model more than
10:28150 different hulls according to the
10:31researchers experiments to finally
10:33arrive at the ideal shape
10:41or selection is
11:00on several giant models sensors are
11:03installed to measure the resistance of
11:04the water at a given speed a process
11:07that has existed for several decades but
11:10that is probably seeing its final days
11:13this is because the results obtained by
11:16the computer are astounding for the
11:18first time the figures given by computer
11:20calculations are just as precise as
11:23those measured by the sensors of the
11:25model
11:26and it is not just the hull of the
11:28merovilia that benefits from this
11:29Innovation it is also the propellers
11:34foreign
11:40they are
11:43responsible for advancing the enormous
11:46mass of the ship
11:47Monsters of Steel about 20 meters high
11:50coupled with gigantic propellers
11:55[Music]
11:59they have a propulsion power that has
12:01never been seen on a ship like this one
12:03combining speed New Perspectives in
12:06travel and increased comfort of
12:08passengers they are the future of cruise
12:10liners the melvilia is at the Forefront
12:13of this formidable Revolution
12:16foreign
12:24at Sea the addition of these mobile
12:27propellers offers him a smoothness and
12:30control never seen before
12:34um
12:58each of the two electric motors produces
13:0020 million Watts the equivalent of 7000
13:04washing machines the highest electric
13:06power ever produced for a propeller of
13:08this size
13:12on the lower rear part a wing controls
13:15the direction
13:18powered by the engine the propellers
13:20Drive the liner forward with a maximum
13:23speed of 25 knots an impressive feat for
13:26a ship of 80 000 tons the equivalent of
13:29nearly 6 000 buses but this is not their
13:32only feature they also give the ship
13:34incredible maneuverability
13:37[Music]
13:47um
13:58foreign
14:03will be able to dock in ports that would
14:06have been impossible with the old style
14:08of propellers a real Plus for the
14:10passengers
14:11[Music]
14:13another Innovation is the automatic
14:15control of the engine power which has
14:17been improved by the engineers to avoid
14:20any risk of catastrophe as seen here
14:22[Music]
14:25ship more than 300 meters long with 4
14:28000 passengers leaves a small port on
14:31the coast of Messina in Italy the
14:33captain has apparently not measured the
14:35power of His pods
14:38the port experiences giant waves
14:40destroying several ships
14:46[Music]
14:52[Applause]
14:57in addition to their power these new
14:59generation propellers allow for fluidity
15:02of navigation there are almost no
15:04vibrations felt on the ship
15:08is
15:14[Music]
15:17president
15:31the result cruising at speed does not
15:33bother the passengers on the ship
15:38but the pods are not the only ones to
15:40provide energy to the merovilia four
15:43diesel engines on the ship act as a
15:45power station
15:50foreign
16:01[Music]
16:12facilities is very energy intensive if
16:16you add to that the energy consumption
16:18of the 7 000 people living on board it's
16:21clear there are very different needs to
16:23meet
16:26foreign
16:28[Music]
17:00the pods as well as the four engines
17:02manufactured by subcontractors were
17:05transported here to the construction
17:06dock where the assembly was carried out
17:12the floors of the ship that have been
17:14assembled are brought here to this 900
17:16meter construction zone
17:18like a Giants construction game the
17:21blocks are stacked on top of each other
17:22it is impossible to imagine this without
17:25this machine that allowed them to be
17:27moved
17:30crane called the tgp is the largest
17:33lifting machine in all of Europe
17:36foreign
17:37[Applause]
17:40weighing over 5 000 tons the equivalent
17:43of 10 A380 airplanes a structure made of
17:47ultra resistant steel at 100 meters high
17:50[Music]
17:53at maximum capacity it can lift nearly 1
17:57200 tons
17:59the merivilia would not exist without it
18:02is
18:13[Music]
18:27[Music]
18:28foreign
18:50[Music]
18:58foreign
19:02this giant moving Bridge works with two
19:04carriages in each of the carriages two
19:07lifting systems are positioned at the
19:09ends
19:11in each lifting system there is a single
19:141400 meter long cable that is lengthened
19:17or retracted to raise or lower the load
19:20as required
19:23each of the cables passes through a
19:25lifting beam which makes it possible to
19:27adjust its length to the nearest
19:29centimeter at the other end of the cable
19:31five anchoring points are attached once
19:34the four lifting beams are connected to
19:36the gigantic structure it is lifted a
19:39few centimeters and the balancing of the
19:41entire structure is done at this precise
19:43moment
19:44[Music]
19:48once the balance is perfect the block is
19:51lifted moved over to the construction
19:53zone and then placed on the ship High
19:56Precision maneuvering
20:05on the ground the Slingers direct the
20:07operation
20:08they give precise indications to the
20:11Gantry crane operator so that the
20:13gigantic structures fit perfectly
20:15together
20:18[Music]
20:21foreign
20:42[Music]
20:47is the pilot of the Gantry crane he has
20:50been working on these construction sites
20:52for 16 years
20:57foreign
21:22thanks to its very easy handling the
21:25Gantry crane takes less than three hours
21:27for a block of more than a thousand tons
21:29to fit perfectly into another
21:32it took only nine months for the
21:34maravillia to take its definitive form
21:36but although it is fast maneuvering
21:39these mountains of Steel is still
21:41dangerous for the workers underneath
21:45Jackie Perry has no margin of error when
21:48he's moving a giant block with a simple
21:50joystick
21:51[Music]
21:53s yeah
22:01[Music]
22:07[Music]
22:14thank you
22:16the blocks assembled by the Gantry crane
22:19were lifted a few meters away in a
22:21hangar over 900 meters long
22:25this building is entirely dedicated to
22:28welding the 300 000 pieces of sheet
22:30metal this is a stage where workers are
22:33needed to replace the less skilled
22:35machines
22:37[Music]
22:43has been a welder on the building sites
22:45for five years for the medevilia
22:47everything must be extremely precise
22:55foreign
23:17yet other whales can look perfect but
23:20conceal serious imperfections because
23:22the metal can change shape or retract
23:24these welding problems are difficult to
23:27detect and become much more serious when
23:30the liner is already assembled
23:36foreign
24:15[Music]
24:18and so the security checks are extremely
24:21strict
24:22the assembled sheets become increasingly
24:24sophisticated as the first fittings are
24:26added
24:31to you
24:331 500 kilometers of cable will be
24:37concealed in the ceilings of these
24:38panels
24:43is to assemble the blocks that are
24:45already equipped with maximum
24:46functionality this saves a considerable
24:49amount of time compared with assembling
24:51the floors of the ship and then
24:52equipping them
24:56but this strategy is only effective
24:58thanks to the Gantry crane that
25:00dominates the port investing in this 30
25:03million euro steel giant was a superb
25:06choice for the shipyards in San Jose
25:09coupled with the giant assembly dock
25:11that allows the construction of two
25:13ships it has made sanazer the most
25:15efficient Shipyard in Europe and one of
25:17the quickest in the world only around 40
25:20months are needed for each giant of the
25:22Seas
25:24but it is also the research programs and
25:27technological innovations developed by
25:29the shipyards Engineers that seduce the
25:31owners of the merivilia
25:37for example these gigantic openings at
25:40the level of the bulb
25:42these are the bowel propellers of the
25:44merivilia
25:47it is
26:02installed at the front of the ship these
26:04propellers directed and coupled with the
26:06Pods at the back increased the
26:08maneuverability of the liner even more
26:14Antonio
26:22is
26:24the resistance
26:45on a liner like the medevilia there are
26:47two ways to manage the water taming the
26:50water on the outside of the ship so that
26:52it doesn't slow it down and also
26:54managing the water on board
26:58foreign
27:00this is a major challenge for a floating
27:02city
27:06[Music]
27:09seven thousand Cruise passengers and
27:11crew are going to live there for many
27:13weeks
27:15between the swimming pools passenger
27:17showers and ship maintenance an average
27:19of 200 cubic meters of water per person
27:22per day is required which means 1.4
27:26million cubic meters of water have to be
27:28produced daily the equivalent of 5 600
27:32baths of drinking water per day
27:35it isn't possible to store the amount of
27:38water needed for each week of a cruise
27:40in addition to consume as little fuel as
27:43possible The Vessel must try to keep its
27:45weight as low as possible
27:49[Music]
28:01this water will be stored near the
28:03engines the heat released is such that
28:06the thousands of cubic meters pumped in
28:08from the sea end up boiling steam then
28:11forms and this sea water which has
28:13become fresh water will be recovered in
28:16tanks from 100 liters of salt water 30
28:19liters of distilled water is obtained
28:21thanks to the system developed for
28:23melavilia
28:26is
28:39this process will be increasingly used
28:41by ship owners as transforming the sea
28:44water into drinking water uses the heat
28:46of the engines which is both an
28:49economical and non-polluting Technology
28:53foreign
29:12but this method cannot meet all the
29:15needs of a cruise
29:20foreign
29:25and so it is impossible for the ship to
29:28collect clean water in a port
29:31the engineers in San Jose have responded
29:34to this challenge when the medevilia is
29:36docked for several days another system
29:38takes over a high performance membrane a
29:41sort of giant filter that is so
29:43sensitive it can separate salt from
29:46water
29:46[Music]
29:49projects
29:56concentration
30:06foreign
30:14with their incredible water filtering
30:16membrane are a solution for small
30:18quantities of water but only the boilers
30:21are capable of producing the one million
30:23four hundred thousand cubic meters of
30:26water each day that the ship requires
30:28during a cruise
30:37important
30:48the quality of the ocean water is a
30:51major environmental issue the medevilia
30:53must comply with strict International
30:54guidelines when releasing its water into
30:57the sea
30:59it is treated to not add any more
31:01pollution to the ship's Crossings
31:04Alaska
31:08foreign
31:18the waters around Alaska are under
31:20extreme surveillance regarding pollution
31:22caused by large ships the toxic waste
31:26authorized in this region is the lowest
31:28in the world
31:31but if the medevilia travels from one
31:33ocean to another from Alaska to the
31:36Mediterranean another problem that could
31:38arise is the potential transportation of
31:41harmful species on the ship
31:44material orange works on environmental
31:47issues with the San Jose shipyards
31:58the different conditions
32:01the quantity of fuel and its
32:04distribution throughout the ship varies
32:06throughout the journey the engineers
32:08have found a way to counter this and
32:10maintain a steady balance on the ship
32:12ballasts
32:15foreign
32:25this water could contain species that
32:28are dangerous to the Natural Balance of
32:30sensitive regions like the Mediterranean
32:32not to mention bacteria hidden in the
32:34water from other Seas is
32:41foreign
32:53[Music]
32:58contamination
33:06ultraviolet light is actually used twice
33:09in this way to kill bacteria on cruise
33:11liners a security measure that is
33:13enforced by the authorities just as the
33:16treatment of fumes that are released
33:18into the air
33:22foreign
33:45and all cruise liners is a heavy fuel of
33:48poor quality that is usually quite
33:50polluting
33:52Cruise operators have therefore been
33:54asking Research Laboratories to develop
33:56a system that can limit this air
33:58pollution as much as possible in
34:00particular the large amount of sulfur
34:02that is present in the Smoke emitted by
34:04the chimneys
34:05[Music]
34:08the medevilia takes full advantage of
34:11this research with the scrubbers a kind
34:13of giant shower designed to limit the
34:15pollutants released into the air
34:20they alone remove 97 of the sulfur oxide
34:24emitted by the liners diesel engines
34:27[Music]
34:28the scrubbers are responsible for
34:31trapping toxic fumes by mixing them with
34:33seawater before they escape through the
34:35chimneys the sulfur is mixed with a
34:38special solution
34:42once neutralized the mud-like result is
34:45stored on the ship and then unloaded
34:47onto land to be treated
34:49[Music]
34:55um
35:09polluting waste is a major problem for
35:11the environment but can also be one for
35:13the passengers
35:16[Music]
35:18in the design specification for the
35:20medevilia the ship owner wanted to
35:22optimize as much open air space as
35:25possible for the customers the aim being
35:27to gain as much space as possible on the
35:29deck of the ship the walks on the bridge
35:31and the tanning sessions by the pools
35:34are the most popular activities for the
35:36passengers
35:37[Music]
35:39foreign
35:55a computer simulates the trajectories of
35:57the gas leaving the chimneys of the
35:59liner
36:04from these results the exhaust chimneys
36:07of the merivilia have been inclined in
36:09such a way to avoid the fumes falling
36:11back onto the decks there have also been
36:14openings made in the chimneys so that
36:16the air that enters cools the gases as
36:19it is difficult to control where Hot Gas
36:21Falls by lowering their temperature with
36:24cold air the fumes that are often foul
36:26smelling no longer surround the decks of
36:29the ship
36:32measurements are constantly being taken
36:34in the areas where holiday makers like
36:37to walk
36:38the comfort and the safety of the
36:40passengers come first
36:42but the gas is produced by the engines
36:44are not the only consideration on the
36:46decks of the liners
36:48is
36:56[Music]
37:07to assimilate all types of wind a
37:10computer is also used to calculate the
37:12air penetration on the ship as well as
37:14the corridors the wind can blow down
37:17the shape of the ship combined with
37:20protective systems such as large panels
37:22is optimized so that the wind takes
37:25different routes far from the holiday
37:27makers
37:29foreign
37:51presentation
38:06offer their guests the pleasure of
38:08sailing on the Open Sea miles away from
38:10the mainland with no inconveniences is
38:13the challenge for the melavilia and the
38:16passenger experience must be flawless
38:18[Music]
38:27with this in mind and to combat the
38:30terrible sensation of seasickness
38:31another innovation has transformed The
38:34Experience on this cruise ship a process
38:36that is invisible for the passengers yet
38:39very impressive when viewed from
38:40underwater where the ship benefits from
38:42huge stabilizers like airplane Wings
38:45measuring an impressive 17 square meters
38:48each
38:50so this is
38:59[Music]
39:20opposition
39:34by limiting the vibrations of certain
39:36parts of the ship or the effects of
39:38rolling the new Giants of the sea such
39:41as the merivilia do all they can to
39:43eliminate every annoyance starting with
39:45seasickness
39:47please
39:50foreign
39:51[Music]
40:06[Music]
40:07ship can finally leave the assembly dock
40:11[Music]
40:16a total of six million hours of work are
40:19needed to construct the medivilia
40:22foreign
40:24[Music]
40:49of testing and the startup of the
40:52engines
40:56to begin with they have to fill the dock
40:59where it was assembled to transfer the
41:01giant to another part of the site just a
41:04few hundred meters away
41:07an important moment for the ship
41:10ment
41:20um
41:44and there it goes the ship is floating
41:46for the first time and starts to leave
41:48the assembly dock
41:50this can only happen when the tidal
41:52coefficient is at its highest and the
41:55weather conditions are as calm as
41:57possible
41:58stage the ship is still an inert giant
42:01with no functioning motor it has to be
42:04towed
42:07[Music]
42:17[Music]
42:21the liner is not going on a long trip
42:24but it has definitely left its assembly
42:26dock for another which does not have a
42:28Gantry crane
42:40[Music]
42:42foreign
42:50[Music]
42:52settles into its new home
42:55although from the outside it may look
42:57ready inside the workers of the San Jose
43:00Shipyard continue their work day and
43:02night the liner is far from being
43:05finished
43:06[Music]
43:10the 2500 rooms the restaurants Cinemas
43:14and nightclubs are not yet ready to
43:16welcome the first passengers thousands
43:18of workers and Craftsmen labor each day
43:21to ensure the all-important deadline is
43:24meta Logistics
43:39as these numerous workers fulfill their
43:41roles simultaneously the technical teams
43:44Begin work on a crucial stage of the
43:46construction is
44:04universe
44:16computers are turned on we can now check
44:19that the maravillia reacts perfectly to
44:21the detection of a fire for example
44:28a fire can break out at any time during
44:31the construction phase but a fire that
44:33starts while the ship is at Sea can
44:35quickly become a catastrophe
44:38is
44:40[Music]
45:03foreign
45:29noise pollution is one of the major
45:31challenges in the construction of new
45:34generation cruise liners
45:36foreign
45:38addition to the propellers developed for
45:40the medavilia which considerably reduced
45:43noise pollution compared to other ships
45:45in the same category at the heart of the
45:47ship the insulation work is extensive
45:52families passages
46:11[Music]
46:39it's okay
46:41tests in the fitting out Basin are not
46:44enough a real outing at Sea is required
46:46to properly assess the ship
46:51and so the medevilia is going to leave
46:53the shipyard to face reality
47:01configurations
47:36[Music]
47:41foreign
48:04Maneuvers are carried out and the
48:06behavior of the ship its stopping
48:08distance and its turning radius are
48:10assessed even if the ship's intelligence
48:13system limits the possibility of going
48:15too far in these tests
48:41automatic
48:57Ally has reached the final straight
48:59inside the finishing touches have been
49:02carefully added all whilst keeping a
49:04close eye on the schedule with 100 000
49:07Euros of penalty for each day it is
49:09delayed the San Jose shipyards have been
49:12watching the clock very very closely as
49:15they do for the delivery of each liner
49:19foreign
49:25[Music]
49:36[Music]
49:52foreign
50:00is not yet out of the shipyards and yet
50:03already a new series of liners is under
50:05construction
50:07following its lead and thanks to the
50:09numerous studies that were carried out
50:10to make this groundbreaking Cruise liner
50:12the new ships built on the shipyard will
50:15follow the path of innovation and
50:17Environmental Protection
50:20[Applause]
50:22foreign
50:24connected
50:32[Applause]
50:34is
50:39um
50:55[Music]
50:57this ever-present desire to innovate as
51:00seen with the medevilia will lead to
51:02bigger and bigger ships being built in
51:04the future
51:05[Music]
51:07environmental waste widespread electric
51:10propulsion and ultimately no more diesel
51:12engine at the very heart of the liner
51:14even more efficient water management
51:17solar panels that are able to operate an
51:20entire ship
51:21[Music]
51:23[Applause]
51:28the challenges to come over the next few
51:31decades have definitely not finished
51:34transforming these so-called Giants of
51:37the sea
51:39foreign
51:45Tower paris's Metro system is a true
51:48monument at over a century old it is the
51:51Beating Heart of the French Capital with
51:53220 kilometers of track 302 stations and
51:5714 lines it is indispensable to life in
52:00the city and Carries more than 5 million
52:03passengers a day that's 2 billion people
52:05each year
52:07continuously modernized and always at
52:09the Forefront of Technology it
52:11nevertheless retains the appearance of
52:13its early days it owes this uniqueness
52:16to parisians who have held it dear since
52:18it was first created in 1900 designed by
52:21Visionary Engineers such as fuljos
52:23Bienvenu the father of the metro and
52:26realized in an era where everything was
52:29possible this Mega structure has marked
52:31the capital with its imposing viaducts
52:34which crisscross the sin but how did
52:36they achieve such Feats technology
52:46the network has always benefited from
52:48the most Innovative Technologies
52:51from the first wooden tunnels to
52:52Chambers submerged in the Sin by
52:54freezing the ground the construction
52:56which began at the end of the 19th
52:58century disemboweled Paris and boosted
53:01its performance
53:03as for the 400 trains today they look
53:06nothing like the original wooden wagons
53:08they are increasingly faster more secure
53:11automated and interconnected the network
53:14has succeeded in its technological
53:16Gamble and brought its historic lines
53:18into the Modern Age
53:21foreign
53:29continues to grow but the building
53:31techniques have changed the Paris Metro
53:34uses the most Innovative methods to
53:36continue its growth these include giant
53:39tunnel boring machines capable of
53:41digging more than 30 meters deep
53:43calculus
53:50line extensions will take the metro
53:53beyond the limits of the capital and
53:55connect with the new 200 kilometer long
53:57grandpari Express Network how will the
54:00Metro approach the future and its new
54:02Urban issues after More Than A Century
54:05of existence the Paris Metro has
54:07established its foothold in the 21st
54:09century discover the Paris Metro like
54:11you have never seen it before
54:13[Music]
54:15foreign
54:23[Music]
54:30on the site of the line 14 extension a
54:34Titanic construction costing nearly one
54:36and a half billion euros situated in the
54:38Heart of the City here revolutionary
54:41techniques are used making it almost
54:43invisible to the City's population
54:49the project will add six kilometers and
54:52four stations to the existing line
54:53linking the Salazar station and the
54:56Merida santois station
55:0325 meters below ground level the
55:05tunneling machine Solen is hard at work
55:08it has covered 400 meters so far its aim
55:11is to create a new section towards
55:13marida santois station
55:16is
55:18[Music]
55:38thanks to Modern tunneling machines such
55:40as this one in satwa developed by a
55:43French company the construction goes a
55:45lot faster and the workers have given
55:47way to machines
56:04the tunnel boring machine at 100 meters
56:07long and 9 meters wide is able to exert
56:097000 tons of thrust against the wall it
56:12devours completely automated the Solen
56:16can dig and construct the tunnel at the
56:18same time at the front of the machine
56:20the head equipped with its numerous
56:21teeth operates on the Rock exactly like
56:24a drill bit The Cutting head eats away
56:26at the Earth the rubble is then rooted
56:28outwards with the help of an Archimedes
56:30screw a giant feeder screw
56:37the debris saturated with water is
56:40carried outside of the site on a
56:41conveyor belt stored in a reservoir it
56:44is then taken away in lorries
56:49at the same time that the Earth is
56:50removed the vusua which will form the
56:53tunnel walls are lowered into the
56:55starting well they continuously Supply
56:57the work of the boring machine because
57:00foreign
57:13following the advancement of the
57:15tunneling machine a mechanical arm
57:17places the buswav one by one in a
57:20precise order assembled together they
57:22will form the structure of the tunnel
57:24the Romans used stonevisoir to construct
57:28their arches like a giant puzzle these
57:30prefabricated concrete Parts weighing
57:32six and a half tons fit perfectly
57:34together to form watertight walls on
57:37this extension of line 14 it will take
57:40seven to form a tunnel ring
57:47[Music]
57:54thank you
57:57[Music]
58:03no propulsion is required to move the
58:06machine forward these hydraulic jacks
58:09allow the machine to lean against the
58:10vusois that it installs and applies
58:13pressure which moves It Forward the
58:15tunnel boring machine at santois
58:17advances 200 meters a month towards its
58:20final Target situated more than five
58:23kilometers away
58:26the speed must be adapted according to
58:28numerous parameters including the type
58:30of Earth and the diameter of the
58:33borehole similar to a drill that you
58:35don't want to overpower for fear that it
58:37might Jam
58:41um
58:55[Music]
58:56we are far from the days of the
58:58horse-drawn buses which filled the
59:00capital and the 1900 World Exposition
59:02which saw the birth of the Paris Metro
59:05today it is made up of 220 kilometers of
59:08track 14 Metro lines 303 stations and
59:12more than 400 trains which run seven
59:15days a week the Metro also has an
59:17unbelievable history which goes back
59:19nearly a century and a half years
59:26companies
59:41[Music]
59:48260 million people it's not enough many
59:51more are needed because Paris very
59:53quickly absorbs its suburbs in 1860 the
59:56capital's population reached over one
59:58million five hundred thousand people
01:00:00Paris is completely gridlocked it needs
01:00:03an underground Railway London already
01:00:06has one a steam Railway underground the
01:00:09competition is on is
01:00:35foreign Railway projects are discarded
01:00:38due to smoke emissions
01:00:41inventiveness of proposals for Parisian
01:00:43transport from Visionaries and other
01:00:45passionate people is Limitless
01:00:48Airways hung by giant balloons a
01:00:51suspended bridge between the two Eiffel
01:00:53Towers an aerial tram passing over the
01:00:56city anything seems possible
01:00:59The Works of Ortho julverne seems to
01:01:01have inspired many of the projects such
01:01:04as that conceived by a certain musio
01:01:06Olivier who in 1878 proposes an aerial
01:01:09tram passing over buildings in order to
01:01:12facilitate Road Crossings
01:01:15foreign
01:01:18this goes on for 40 years with no
01:01:20results the parisians will have to be
01:01:23patient
01:01:24[Music]
01:01:25is
01:01:29[Music]
01:01:42from the outset the design brief of the
01:01:44construction of the Paris Metro
01:01:46specifies that it will be for the most
01:01:48part Subterranean even if it will also
01:01:51have to cross the scene by metal Bridges
01:01:55[Music]
01:01:57as for the trains they will be
01:02:00electrically driven and must not exceed
01:02:02the size of 2.4 meters which would
01:02:04inhibit the running of normal trains
01:02:07is
01:02:42several important deadlines such as the
01:02:451900 World Exposition will ultimately
01:02:47put everyone in agreement in Paris an
01:02:50original means of Transport is tested it
01:02:53is called the road of the future in fact
01:02:55it is a rolling pavement over three
01:02:57kilometers long which runs along the sin
01:03:00looping between the Shonda Mar and the
01:03:02Esplanade the parisians go crazy for it
01:03:06elsewhere an Innovative subway project
01:03:08is born and it is based on an invention
01:03:10that is changing Society
01:03:13reality
01:03:43tramways have existed since the 1860s
01:03:46first there were horse-drawn tramways
01:03:48then Steam and finally electric the
01:03:51Visionary berlier imagines an
01:03:53underground Tramway with a central rail
01:03:55which will provide the necessary
01:03:57electricity
01:04:01finally in 1896 a Parisian engineer
01:04:05Fusion espionvenu is put at the head of
01:04:08the project he is seen as the father of
01:04:10the Metro there is even a station with
01:04:13his name montparnas bienvenue
01:04:16or particular is
01:04:30[Music]
01:04:36is the champion of the underground but
01:04:39the Paris Metro is also made up of some
01:04:41spectacular constructions incredible
01:04:44technological prowess for the time and
01:04:46true artistic masterpieces
01:04:48[Music]
01:04:56Technologies
01:05:10the construction of the austerlitz
01:05:12viaduct was decided in 1903 to link the
01:05:15two Banks of line five between the
01:05:17stations garage and the current station
01:05:20que de la rape
01:05:22in order to avoid interfering with River
01:05:24traffic the navigation service demanded
01:05:27that it should have no supports in the
01:05:29middle of the river
01:05:31[Music]
01:05:35situated 11.3 meters above the level of
01:05:38the sin the austerlitz viaduct is made
01:05:40of steel it consists of two large
01:05:43parabolic arches with three main joints
01:05:46one at the top and two on either side
01:05:48near the Riverbanks the deck which is
01:05:518.5 meters wide is suspended from the
01:05:54Arches by 16 supports in its Center and
01:05:57four supports at its ends to withstand
01:06:00wind Force the suspension supports are
01:06:02connected by crossed structures to
01:06:04reinforce the structure the arcs
01:06:06themselves are also connected together
01:06:08[Music]
01:06:16the selected project therefore outlined
01:06:19a Viaduct with a single span of 140
01:06:22meters beating the 107.5 meter long
01:06:26Alexandra 3 Bridge which was until that
01:06:29point the longest in Paris
01:06:34on the banks the viaduct arches rest on
01:06:38Stone abutments which are 22 meters long
01:06:41and 18 meters wide
01:06:43each of these blocks is surmounted on
01:06:45two 15-meter high masts which frame the
01:06:48deck of the bridge
01:06:49a work that is truly extraordinary for
01:06:52its time
01:06:53in July 1906 the constructionist finally
01:06:57completed line 5 which links guard a
01:07:00list to gardasilitz is in service
01:07:03[Music]
01:07:06it is one of six lines which make up the
01:07:08initial project but already a second
01:07:10stage of works is planned
01:07:13for the designers the Metro must be for
01:07:15everyone and no person should be further
01:07:17than 400 meters from a station
01:07:19it is for this reason that the first
01:07:22line to be constructed consists of 18
01:07:24stations for only 11 kilometers of track
01:07:27it is the transversal line from east to
01:07:30west which departs from portavasin to
01:07:33join pot mayod
01:07:34it runs along the sin for nearly half of
01:07:37its length the construction for line 1
01:07:39begins in February 1899.
01:07:57technique is used by all contractors in
01:07:59the construction of Railway tunnels in
01:08:01particular as in the mines the digging
01:08:04is done by hand with a pick and shovel
01:08:06grueling work that is carried out in
01:08:08extreme conditions all the rubble is
01:08:11removed from the tunnels in wagons and
01:08:13transported to the surface
01:08:16[Music]
01:08:20some issues to refill Parisian quarries
01:08:24as for the shafts they are supported by
01:08:27enormous wooden beams which also serve
01:08:29to create the shape of the future tunnel
01:08:32finally still by hand the vault is
01:08:34constructed from stone blocks a work
01:08:37worthy of the construction of the
01:08:38pyramids
01:08:40is
01:08:46[Music]
01:08:57in reality the metal shield would not be
01:09:00used much on line one because it is very
01:09:03slow difficult to put in place and stops
01:09:06as soon as it encounters a rock that is
01:09:08too hard at the time it was even
01:09:10sometimes necessary to dig by hand to
01:09:13move it forward in waterlogged Terrain
01:09:16these are the visuals placed one by one
01:09:18to create the tunnel ring they are cast
01:09:21iron and positioned using a manual
01:09:23system they give the tunnel its final
01:09:25shape
01:09:26The Shield concept truly is the ancestor
01:09:29of the modern tunnel boring machine but
01:09:31this technique will take decades to be
01:09:33properly developed
01:09:36it will take a century for a tunnel
01:09:38boring machine to be used again in Paris
01:09:42today it is hard to imagine the busy
01:09:44revoli in this state and yet it is the
01:09:47hell that parisians will live with for
01:09:4918 months
01:09:52is
01:10:08this technique will be used near the sin
01:10:10dug as shallow as possible to avoid
01:10:12leaks the top of certain stations is
01:10:15sometimes only 60 centimeters from the
01:10:17wheels of the cars passing above is
01:10:37the most Advanced Technologies were used
01:10:40in the electrification of the network
01:10:41two coal factories were built to provide
01:10:44enough energy for this new means of
01:10:46transport
01:10:48this requires colossal Investments which
01:10:50already combine public and private money
01:10:52it is the CMP owned by Baron on par one
01:10:57of the financial Giants of the 19th
01:10:58century who takes on this formidable
01:11:00Gamble
01:11:03located
01:11:19[Music]
01:11:32listening
01:11:49while the inauguration takes place
01:11:51quietly during the summer of 1900 those
01:11:54who took the crazy gamble on these
01:11:56tunnels which crisscross the capital
01:11:57have a new worry will the parisians want
01:12:00to go down Underground
01:12:09it is a complete success and at the end
01:12:12of 1900 it had reached close to 17
01:12:15million passengers
01:12:17an unimaginable result since each train
01:12:20has only three wooden cars which travel
01:12:22at a maximum of 21 kilometers an hour
01:12:29this is far from the performance of the
01:12:31Metro today with its 400 trains at 90
01:12:34meters long and increasingly automated
01:12:36system which carries 1 400 million
01:12:39passengers each year more than 4 million
01:12:42a day
01:12:45[Music]
01:12:47Westinghouse
01:12:54voyage
01:13:21[Music]
01:13:26nearly 120 years later things have well
01:13:29and truly changed beginning with line
01:13:31one the historic line which saw the
01:13:33evolution of the Paris Metro
01:13:36foreign
01:13:39ly connected comfortable automated and
01:13:43secure
01:13:50the issue of security became evident
01:13:52when a fire in the 1930s triggered a
01:13:54long alert process within the Maze of
01:13:57different services
01:14:01[Music]
01:14:06foreign
01:14:26for the passengers
01:14:28to answer growing concerns about the
01:14:30safety the errite Implement centralized
01:14:33command posts a revolution made
01:14:35necessary by the growing development of
01:14:37this megastructure in 1967 line one is
01:14:41one of the first to be equipped with a
01:14:43centralized Command Post
01:14:4550 years later it is the most modernized
01:14:48Command Post in the Parisian Metro
01:14:50with nearly 275 million people
01:14:53transported a year the role of the line
01:14:551 command post is Paramount in order to
01:14:58respond to every situation as quickly as
01:15:01possible
01:15:05[Music]
01:15:09situations
01:15:22[Music]
01:15:23[Applause]
01:15:25[Music]
01:15:29in 2011 to better meet a growing demand
01:15:33the traditional Metro with the human
01:15:35driver is replaced by a completely
01:15:37automated line the work was done at
01:15:39night without major interruptions to
01:15:41traffic it was a world first
01:15:47automatization is
01:15:56[Music]
01:16:20the Paris Metro is sometimes strained
01:16:22during large public demonstrations for
01:16:25example which stir the city but the
01:16:27erotepi is now able to quickly adapt its
01:16:29resources to meet demands at any moment
01:16:32even on a Sunday
01:16:35[Music]
01:16:44since its creation the evolution of the
01:16:46Paris Metro has been a real obstacle
01:16:48course the construction of certain
01:16:50sections combines Ingenuity
01:16:52self-sacrifice and pure Madness
01:16:57this is the case of opera station
01:17:00it is 1904 an entrepreneur undertakes a
01:17:03Herculean task here he will carry out
01:17:06the feat of burying a gigantic block of
01:17:08concrete in which three Metro lines will
01:17:10cross over one above the other something
01:17:13that has never been seen before
01:17:18until now Leon chanyeol has only dug a
01:17:21few tunnels on lines two and three he
01:17:24owes his Fame to the former on it he
01:17:26will test Advanced Techniques and become
01:17:28one of the more important Builders of
01:17:30the Paris Metro
01:17:35thanks to this success he will be
01:17:37entrusted with an even more unbelievable
01:17:39Mission the first crossing under the sen
01:17:42river between the station's chateale and
01:17:45City
01:17:46[Music]
01:17:48these two stations make up part of line
01:17:51four around 11 kilometers long it leaves
01:17:54from Porter clinic and runs all the way
01:17:56to portolon
01:18:02um
01:18:09foreign
01:18:36first of all chanyeol builds the section
01:18:38that leads to the sin it goes from
01:18:40Chateau station to the banks it must now
01:18:43cross the long arm of the Center City
01:18:45station and then the small arm of the
01:18:47sin to Sami share station
01:18:50they decide on Chambers buried in the
01:18:53riverbed the construction begins in 1905
01:18:56and Promises to be spectacular
01:18:59there will be three large Chambers for
01:19:01the larger branch of the sin covering a
01:19:03distance of 122 meters and two for the
01:19:06smaller Branch at 41 meters
01:19:09the five Chambers which will be
01:19:11submerged in the river will be assembled
01:19:13on the cada Tulare where the engineers
01:19:15will create their Innovations
01:19:18each chamber is composed of a cast iron
01:19:21base housing the two future tracks the
01:19:24whole structure is surrounded by a
01:19:26double layered wall made from metal
01:19:28the chamber rests on the base of the
01:19:30shape of a knife blade 1.8 meters high
01:19:33between the two walls is an empty space
01:19:35which will become a workspace where the
01:19:38builders will operate
01:19:40the chamber which floats on the sin is
01:19:42then towed to its future grounding place
01:19:44[Music]
01:19:49after having found its ideal positioning
01:19:52concrete is injected into the metal
01:19:54double wall creating a water-tight
01:19:56sarcophagus
01:19:59promised by the contractor the
01:20:01construction site despite its size
01:20:03manages to avoid interference with the
01:20:05swallows and their passengers passing
01:20:07along the sin
01:20:09under the weight of the concrete the
01:20:12chamber Falls gently once in place the
01:20:14water in the interior of the work
01:20:15chamber is pumped the main chamber is
01:20:18weighted down to keep it in place at the
01:20:20bottom of the river
01:20:22through chimneys compressed air is sent
01:20:25into the work chamber increasing its
01:20:27water tightness and allowing the
01:20:29builders to go down and dig under the
01:20:31metallic structure in order to sink it
01:20:33into the ground to the desired level
01:20:39working in extreme conditions these
01:20:41specialized Builders called tubists must
01:20:43like underwater Marine divers make
01:20:46decompression stops when coming back up
01:20:48from the work chamber 15 meters below
01:20:50the surface
01:20:54strikes which were rare at the time will
01:20:56Mark the history of this abnormal
01:20:58building site
01:21:16[Music]
01:21:41thanks to the work of these capable men
01:21:44who took on this risky work all the
01:21:46chambers of the same section were
01:21:47finally lowered to the right level on
01:21:49the bed of the sin they are then joined
01:21:51together to form a single tube
01:21:54the work Chambers are filled with
01:21:55concrete and the trench is filled to
01:21:57ensure that the structure is blocked in
01:21:59the tunnel is complete
01:22:02the water is then pumped and the workers
01:22:04can finally access it this part the most
01:22:06dangerous will take place without any
01:22:08major problems but the same cannot be
01:22:10said for the chamber under elasticity is
01:22:27foreign
01:22:45the pressure is so high in the chamber
01:22:47that they were ejected outwards like the
01:22:49passengers of an airliner whose door
01:22:51would suddenly open mid-flight
01:22:53[Music]
01:22:57stations
01:22:59situated on the mainland must also be
01:23:01buried
01:23:03once again the sinking technique will be
01:23:05used and the builders will go down into
01:23:07the work chamber to pick away the
01:23:09waterlogged Earth from Below
01:23:12a colossal job especially when you see
01:23:15the images of these enormous steel hulls
01:23:17that gradually disappear into the ground
01:23:20but the construction is not finished a
01:23:23new difficulty stands before Leon
01:23:24shaneur they have to pass beneath the
01:23:27railway line connecting austellites and
01:23:29assay without it collapsing solution
01:23:50this freezing technique makes it
01:23:53possible to carry out dry work in water
01:23:55pockets and so enables the digging of
01:23:57more stable ground
01:23:59for this two Refrigeration plants were
01:24:01built along the sen from their pipe
01:24:04circulated salt water cooled to 24
01:24:06degrees
01:24:09[Music]
01:24:10the digging shaft passes beneath the
01:24:12railway line which links austellites and
01:24:14osei
01:24:15so that the tunnel Works did not
01:24:17endanger the tracks the ground is Frozen
01:24:19by inserting 24 refrigerated pipes which
01:24:22went 14 meters deep the volume of earth
01:24:25to be frozen is considerable more than 2
01:24:28000 cubic meters this technique is so
01:24:31expensive and so complicated to develop
01:24:33that finally only 14 meters are treated
01:24:36[Music]
01:24:39after 40 days the ground is sufficiently
01:24:42Frozen
01:24:43the freezing works so well that the
01:24:46builders who work with picks have
01:24:47difficulty digging
01:24:50the work is reaching the limits of what
01:24:52humans can achieve and the construction
01:24:54can only take place at night when the
01:24:56trains do not run
01:24:58[Music]
01:25:03in 1909 after four years of hard work
01:25:06the gargantuan construction of the sand
01:25:08Crossing is complete up to 700 workers
01:25:11were employed at one time
01:25:14[Music]
01:25:17the general inspector Phil Jones comes
01:25:21to inspect it his dream has become a
01:25:23reality
01:25:27two years later elevators are installed
01:25:30which give access down to City
01:25:31assameshare stations situated far below
01:25:34the surface of the Sun
01:25:40on the eve of the first world war nearly
01:25:4240 percent of the network was already
01:25:44built making up 90 kilometers of the 220
01:25:48kilometers that exist today in 1939 160
01:25:53kilometers are in service at this time
01:25:55the Metro already carries 500 000
01:25:58passengers over the following years 60
01:26:01kilometers will be added to the lines to
01:26:03complete the network
01:26:04is
01:26:21some of them make it possible to travel
01:26:23to the limits of Paris the 1931 Colonial
01:26:26Exposition takes place in vancen
01:26:29station inaugurated for the occasion
01:26:32will bring millions of visitors eager to
01:26:35discover the beauties of the French
01:26:36Empire all the continents are
01:26:38represented there in their most
01:26:40beautiful finery in a glorified image
01:26:43attracting the crowds with more than 30
01:26:45million admissions this event is a huge
01:26:48success the Metro demonstrates once more
01:26:51its unparalleled capacity to transport
01:26:53the masses as intended by its designers
01:26:56it became indispensable to the Parisian
01:26:58population is
01:27:16existence
01:27:30[Music]
01:27:34today the 14 existing lines are subject
01:27:37to wear and tear and various incidents
01:27:39this enormous structure is therefore
01:27:41costly monitored and everything possible
01:27:44is done to keep the lines running
01:27:46some built at the very beginning of the
01:27:4820th century are totally renovated
01:27:50respecting the spirit of their unique
01:27:52Heritage this is the case particularly
01:27:55of the aerial lines whose metal
01:27:56structures have for decades met the
01:27:59expectations of the engineers who
01:28:00designed them
01:28:03this is why the Metro now indispensable
01:28:05to Parisian life never completely sleeps
01:28:08each night 2 000 agents work to maintain
01:28:11the tracks which zigzag through the
01:28:13bowels of the city
01:28:16workers must work fast as they have to
01:28:19leave their work sites before five
01:28:20o'clock in the morning
01:28:22technicians today still use techniques
01:28:24developed by Generations past to
01:28:27assemble the rails to be replaced they
01:28:29are welded together with the help of a
01:28:31sort of small portable Foundry
01:28:33this is a technique used even in the
01:28:351930s
01:28:36[Music]
01:28:43trains
01:28:44thousands of kilometers each year
01:28:46requiring colossal maintenance
01:28:49[Music]
01:29:04each line has its own maintenance
01:29:07Workshop we are in bobini all the line 5
01:29:10trains come here to undergo maintenance
01:29:12tests and repairs at least five times a
01:29:15year
01:29:15[Music]
01:29:18activities
01:29:38like with car tires which wear out and
01:29:40become misshapen the metal wheels of the
01:29:42Metro trains require a reprofiling every
01:29:45200 000 kilometers or three years of use
01:29:47it is a way of improving the comfort of
01:29:50the passengers and also ensuring optimal
01:29:52safety by gaining adhesion
01:29:56here the cars are checked from every
01:29:58angle one of the main advantages of this
01:30:01state-of-the-art Workshop is the
01:30:02possibility of working on the bogeys
01:30:04which include the engine the
01:30:06undercarriage and the axles and which
01:30:08weigh more than seven tons
01:30:10hydraulic cylinders separate the wagons
01:30:12from the bogeys an exceptional system
01:30:15which allows them to be repaired or
01:30:17changed it is a long way away from the
01:30:20manual workshops 50 years ago where
01:30:22adjustments took forever technology has
01:30:25revolutionized the eretepe maintenance
01:30:27workshops
01:30:28[Music]
01:30:30but today like yesterday nothing is left
01:30:33to chance here
01:30:37in operations
01:30:46an operation that is required to
01:30:49facilitate the technician's diagnostic
01:30:51to check each part and also to avoid any
01:30:53possible accidents where the oil might
01:30:56risk setting on fire due to the Heat
01:31:00there have been few fires sometimes with
01:31:03unexpected causes since the Metro opened
01:31:06the most tragic took place just after a
01:31:08few years of use on the 10th of August
01:31:11in 1903
01:31:15is
01:31:37the grief is immense the young Metro has
01:31:40just claimed its first victims its
01:31:43operators will learn many lessons
01:31:46Sunday
01:32:10set Evolution at an evolution Providence
01:32:25the trains of today are therefore the
01:32:27result of a series of Evolutions that go
01:32:30back to the very first wooden cars
01:32:33but the real Revolution begins after the
01:32:36second World War
01:32:39is
01:33:03[Music]
01:33:06the Paris Metro will not evolve much
01:33:08over the years to come the Glorious 30s
01:33:10is the age of the automobile it is not
01:33:13until the 1970s that new changes would
01:33:16be seen the passengers discover the
01:33:18first automatic ticket machines and the
01:33:20first turnstiles to which they would
01:33:22have to become accustomed
01:33:24[Music]
01:33:28in 1973 the last ticket Stamper retires
01:33:34the eretepe creates the katohant metal
01:33:36pass in 1975. it will change the lives
01:33:40of thousands of parisians more than ever
01:33:43the metro and its passageways are living
01:33:45quarters appropriated by the population
01:33:47in terms of infrastructure the parisians
01:33:50see the creation of several line
01:33:52extensions as well as a new Regional
01:33:54transport Network composed of five lines
01:33:57at 587 kilometers long the area
01:34:00Technologies
01:34:20line 14 meteor is the start of a double
01:34:24Revolution as it is the first metro
01:34:26without a driver and also with stations
01:34:29equipped with electronic doors which
01:34:31open simultaneously with the train doors
01:34:36[Music]
01:34:37foreign
01:34:40[Music]
01:34:50constructing this line which crosses
01:34:52Paris from east to west from the 9th to
01:34:55the 13th arundismos is a new challenge
01:34:57because it must pass beneath the belly
01:34:59of the city its car Parks its
01:35:02underground networks its buildings and
01:35:04even the sin
01:35:06for this it will use a revolutionary
01:35:08technology the tunnel Boring Machine a
01:35:11gigantic construction site which will
01:35:13last five years and require double the
01:35:15amount of Steel than was used for the
01:35:17Eiffel Tower
01:35:21line 14 is the seventh line to cross the
01:35:24scene between the station's core Santa
01:35:26Emilio and bibliotec transformation
01:35:31foreign
01:35:32years after the first operation to pass
01:35:35under the sin Chambers will once again
01:35:37be used in this Crossing but this time
01:35:40no one's life is at risk gone are the
01:35:43days where men work under the huge metal
01:35:45structures
01:35:46excavators with giant arms are used to
01:35:49make a huge trench 14 meters wide in the
01:35:52riverbed
01:35:55the four chambers are 34 meters long six
01:35:58meters high and nine meters wide and
01:36:01made of prefabricated concrete they are
01:36:03constructed directly on site
01:36:06submerge slowly and under heavy
01:36:08surveillance they are then directed
01:36:10towards their grounding site
01:36:15positioned in line with the trench the
01:36:18chambers disappear into the sin reaching
01:36:20their final placement they are then
01:36:22covered with Earth
01:36:25joined together they form a new passage
01:36:27under the sin
01:36:31[Music]
01:36:35nearly 20 years later line 14 opens
01:36:39new extension Works begin
01:36:44is foreign
01:37:13but to achieve this goal the contractors
01:37:15will have to overcome new obstacles
01:37:18starting with avoiding existing Metro
01:37:20lines
01:37:21they will have to dig very deep using
01:37:23the tunneling machine which will descend
01:37:2530 meters below ground level
01:37:27[Music]
01:37:30at these depths new challenges await the
01:37:33engineers the ground to be dug is
01:37:35relatively loose and does not pose a
01:37:38particular difficulty however the route
01:37:40is situated beneath the level of the
01:37:42water table the contractors will have to
01:37:45combine technology and Ingenuity is
01:38:15digging with a tunneling machine has a
01:38:17number of advantages for the use of the
01:38:19future line
01:38:20[Music]
01:38:21is
01:38:40these Works can be carried out without
01:38:42disrupting traffic circulation a true
01:38:44feat
01:38:45this is
01:39:18the system automatically
01:39:21the line 14 extension will open in 2019
01:39:24after this it will see other editions
01:39:27such as an extra station in the North in
01:39:30San Dennis player and an extension of
01:39:33around 15 kilometers in the South
01:39:34joining of Lee airport these two new
01:39:37stations will be connected to the whole
01:39:39grandpari Express Network
01:39:41[Music]
01:39:42this is the big idea of the grandpari
01:39:44network to multiply the connections
01:39:47within the existing Network this will be
01:39:49the case for 75 percent of the new
01:39:51stations quite an accomplishment when
01:39:54you consider the importance of the
01:39:56construction which is beginning
01:39:58the grandpari express is a new transport
01:40:01Network at 200 kilometers long it is as
01:40:04long as the current Paris Metro the four
01:40:06new lines are completely automated
01:40:08traveling up to 120 kilometers an hour
01:40:11between 68 new stations a circular
01:40:14Network which joins France's main
01:40:16regions and aims to decongest the
01:40:18existing Network
01:40:19it was time the Paris Metro
01:40:21megastructure began to seize up another
01:40:24way had to be found
01:40:26[Music]
01:40:48Modern Family
01:40:49[Music]
01:40:51a circular Network for skirting around
01:40:54Paris and saving time for the line 15
01:40:56South which will link the west and the
01:40:58east of Paris without passing through
01:41:00the capital 13 Architects have designed
01:41:0316 new stations they no longer seek to
01:41:06hide them they are thought to be true
01:41:08Living Spaces making their mark on the
01:41:11Heart of the City
01:41:12[Music]
01:41:15foreign
01:41:26[Music]
01:41:39the first Works have begun in line 15
01:41:42which will surround Paris will be
01:41:44completely finished in 2027 but this is
01:41:47not it as numerous extension projects on
01:41:49existing lines have already been planned
01:41:52the network must respond to the growing
01:41:54Parisian urban area but also to its
01:41:57usage which increases by three percent
01:41:59each year to soon reach a billion and a
01:42:01half passengers transported modernity
01:42:06is
01:42:24[Music]
01:42:34[Music]
01:42:41soon this formidable structure conceived
01:42:44by its creators as a self-contained
01:42:46system will be connected with the main
01:42:48Paris Express line but also to the era
01:42:50Airlines forming a network over one
01:42:53thousand kilometers long
01:42:56the Paris Metro a giant mega structure
01:42:59born more than a century ago and which
01:43:02relies on its history to write its
01:43:04future
01:43:05[Music]
01:43:08over more than 190 kilometers a stretch
01:43:11of blue cuts through the Egyptian desert
01:43:13this is the Suez Canal one of the
01:43:16greatest technical Feats of all time
01:43:20by separating Africa and Asia this
01:43:24man-made route has transformed the world
01:43:25forever since its Creation in the 19th
01:43:28century it allows ships to pass directly
01:43:30from the Mediterranean Ocean through to
01:43:32the Red Sea this is a considerable
01:43:34shortcut as they no longer have to go
01:43:36around Africa
01:43:4018 000 ships take this route each year
01:43:42they return on one of the busiest
01:43:44waterways in the world
01:43:48approximately 700 million tons of
01:43:50merchandise pass through here
01:43:55these ships have become Giants of the
01:43:57sea weighing up to 240 000 tons and
01:44:00measuring up to 400 meters long
01:44:03[Music]
01:44:06we will explain how the Suez Canal has
01:44:09evolved to meet the needs of the
01:44:11Merchant Navy
01:44:13duties
01:44:22these ships are so large that the canal
01:44:24has become too narrow stopping the boats
01:44:27from passing one another
01:44:31in 2014 a giant project is launched
01:44:36a new 72 kilometer route rises from the
01:44:39Sands effectively creating a two-way
01:44:41navigation system
01:44:43s
01:44:47in less than a year 500 million cubic
01:44:50meters of sand are removed from the site
01:44:52this feat was carried out by an army of
01:44:55bulldozers
01:44:58and giant dredgers from all around the
01:45:01world
01:45:04using never before seen 3D images we
01:45:07will discover how the vacuum cleaners of
01:45:09the sea really work these machines are
01:45:12at The Cutting Edge of Technology
01:45:15because of them the canal is now 24
01:45:18meters deep compared to its original 8
01:45:20meters
01:45:24however the technical means available in
01:45:26the 19th century are very different
01:45:28drilling into the Isthmus of the Swiss
01:45:30thus becomes an extreme Challenge
01:45:34in 1859 when Ferdinando lesepp launches
01:45:37this extraordinary project the region is
01:45:40a complete No Man's Land everything must
01:45:42be transported to the site materials
01:45:44fresh water and a Workforce
01:45:50exceptions
01:45:54the construction site experiences
01:45:57numerous crises and costs the lives of
01:45:59thousands of men but under the momentum
01:46:02of the Industrial Revolution Everything
01:46:03Changes we will learn more about the
01:46:06machines that had to be invented in
01:46:08order to complete this astounding
01:46:11tasks
01:46:18but when surging Sands threatened its
01:46:21very existence the canal must undergo
01:46:24constant maintenance
01:46:26this proves a real challenge for this
01:46:28one-of-a-kind superstructure
01:46:30spanning from the initial works up to
01:46:32the present day we go behind the scenes
01:46:34of the construction of the Suez Canal
01:46:37[Music]
01:46:51[Music]
01:47:06[Music]
01:47:08foreign
01:47:10[Applause]
01:47:13a construction site is set up in the
01:47:16middle of the Egyptian desert this is
01:47:18the building site for the extension of
01:47:20the Suez Canal
01:47:23the job is clearly immense they need to
01:47:25dig a second Waterway equivalent volume
01:47:27to more than 200 large kiops pyramids
01:47:32a crazy yet ultimately successful Gamble
01:47:37the new Suez Canal is inaugurated with a
01:47:39great Fanfare on the 6th of August 2015.
01:47:42it is an immense source of Pride for the
01:47:45Egyptian authorities
01:47:46bigger deeper cleaner the canal has been
01:47:49completely transformed
01:47:54these images make their way around the
01:47:55world dozens of foreign politicians come
01:47:58to be a part of the occasion the
01:48:00Waterway represents a strategic Focus
01:48:02for World Maritime trade
01:48:06the program for the ceremony includes
01:48:08official speeches a military parade and
01:48:11an aerial display
01:48:16piercato recalls that day he was the
01:48:19site manager for a dredging company
01:48:22is
01:48:31two ships passing side by side in the
01:48:33Suez Canal constitutes a revolutionary
01:48:36moment in the history of this
01:48:37megastructure
01:49:07the transit duration for the ships
01:49:09shifts from 18 hours to 11 hours and the
01:49:12waiting time is reduced from 11 hours to
01:49:143 hours this is a considerable shortcut
01:49:17ultimately allowing the maximum traffic
01:49:19capacity on the canal to double in size
01:49:24foreign
01:49:26by 2030 nearly 100 ships could take this
01:49:30route every day but in order to reach
01:49:32this goal an enormous amount of work is
01:49:34required
01:49:36the construction site is divided into
01:49:38two sections on one side the creation of
01:49:41a new 35 kilometer Waterway running
01:49:44parallel to the original Canal on the
01:49:46other side the extension and deepening
01:49:48of the historic Waterway over 37
01:49:51kilometers by the great Bitter Lake
01:49:54the Egyptian Army works on the first
01:49:56half of the construction site they
01:49:58tackle enormous amounts of demolition
01:50:00work over an area situated 24 meters
01:50:02above sea level their mission level off
01:50:05the landform to prepare the site for the
01:50:07imminent deepening work for the new
01:50:09canal
01:50:13an array of bulldozers Scrappers trucks
01:50:15and skips cleared 250 million cubic
01:50:18meters of sand Earth and rocks the area
01:50:21is then flooded so that the dredgers are
01:50:24able to float the same quantity of sand
01:50:26still needs to be removed but this time
01:50:28from under the water
01:50:34machined at the Forefront of Technology
01:50:37such as the cutter suction dredger are
01:50:39enlisted for the task
01:50:49to dig the canal a different type of
01:50:51machine is used
01:50:56the cutter suction dredge
01:50:59with the help of an enormous pipe that
01:51:01reaches to the bottom of the canal this
01:51:03machine can extract materials all while
01:51:05moving forward at its head there is a
01:51:07large suction device the proportions of
01:51:10these floating Giants are huge they can
01:51:12measure over 200 meters long the length
01:51:15of two football fields the technology on
01:51:17board allows the dredgers to remove the
01:51:19material through floating pipes
01:51:23[Music]
01:51:28however the quantities on this
01:51:30construction site are unprecedented
01:51:32thousands of cubic meters of sand run
01:51:34through the pipes and are then poured
01:51:36out several kilometers away in large
01:51:38storage areas in the middle of the Sinai
01:51:40desert
01:51:42in 2014 the sewers authorities appeal to
01:51:46two sets of dredging companies the first
01:51:48is in charge of increasing the depth of
01:51:50the canal to 24 meters the second must
01:51:53extend the existing Waterway all while
01:51:55respecting the same depth a particular
01:51:57constraint challenges this section of
01:51:59the work the task must be completed
01:52:02without interrupting the general
01:52:03navigation
01:52:09[Music]
01:52:10the company for which piakato works
01:52:13participated in the dredging of the
01:52:15second Zone
01:52:17project
01:52:21challenge
01:52:26the head of the Suez Canal Authority had
01:52:29originally asked for a five-year period
01:52:31to successfully carry out this
01:52:33incredible task nevertheless he would
01:52:35only be given a year in which to do it
01:52:37the time constraint would constitute a
01:52:40significant challenge for this
01:52:41record-breaking construction site
01:52:46the next obstacle the transportation of
01:52:49the materials and the Personnel is
01:53:19to afford this extension the Country
01:53:21Must spend more than 7 billion euros the
01:53:24authorities thus rely on a national
01:53:26momentum and appeal for donations the
01:53:28strategy is successful as 80 of the
01:53:31project will be financed by the Egyptian
01:53:33population all in just a few days
01:53:36[Music]
01:53:39the work on the news for his Canal is
01:53:41added to a long series of construction
01:53:43sites on the waterway that have been
01:53:45underway since its Creation in the 19th
01:53:48century the construction history of this
01:53:50megastructure dates back more than a
01:53:52century and a half
01:53:56when the first Engineers arrive at the
01:53:59Isthmus of the sewers they discover a
01:54:01suitable environment for the
01:54:02implementation of a canal despite its
01:54:05location in a completely isolated region
01:54:08the Sinai measuring 60 000 square
01:54:10kilometers is one of the driest deserts
01:54:13in the world however nothing can shake
01:54:15the determination of the canal explorers
01:54:19the official start of construction to
01:54:21connect the two Seas is set for the 25th
01:54:24of April 1859 but the workers are in for
01:54:28a hellish experience
01:54:33has supervised numerous Maritime Works
01:54:36throughout his career as an engineer he
01:54:39describes the working conditions of the
01:54:41time
01:54:47is foreign
01:55:08the site is in desperate need of a
01:55:10greater Workforce the project is in
01:55:12danger but where could they find more
01:55:14workers willing to dig the canal the
01:55:16Egyptian authorities proposed to
01:55:17reinstate the forced labor scheme
01:55:21[Music]
01:55:23Caroline pique is a senior lecturer at
01:55:26the sobon she wrote a reference work on
01:55:29the history of the Suez Canal
01:55:32systems
01:55:44nearly 400 000 laborers from all over
01:55:47Egypt are forced to dig the canal in
01:55:49extreme conditions
01:55:50[Music]
01:55:52the construction site would cost the
01:55:53lives of thousands of them
01:55:56the isolation of the site situated in
01:55:59the desert far from any supplies and
01:56:00equipment quickly proved to be a problem
01:56:03[Music]
01:56:06forced to deliver everything to the site
01:56:08some of the materials such as wood or
01:56:10large rocks are entirely missing from
01:56:12the area
01:56:30to facilitate the transportation of the
01:56:33materials the managers of the
01:56:34construction site decide to build a
01:56:36small Supply canal
01:56:39foreign
01:56:40at 50 meters long and two meters deep
01:56:42the supply Canal is a reduced scale
01:56:45model of the final Canal the workers
01:56:47First Carry Out the digging in dry
01:56:48conditions once they reach a certain
01:56:50depth water is poured in so that the
01:56:53dredgers can float while extending and
01:56:55deepening the Waterway the excavated
01:56:57material is used to fill in the banks
01:57:0578 dredgers are built specifically for
01:57:08the Suez Canal construction site this
01:57:10particular machine is characterized by a
01:57:13central well that allows a bucket chain
01:57:15to descend down to its main body
01:57:18foreign
01:57:22the lowest bucket strikes the bottom
01:57:24fills up and then ascends to pour its
01:57:26contents into the barges the bucket
01:57:29dredger is at the origin of a series of
01:57:31dredging machines
01:57:35like the backhoe Dipper excavator this
01:57:38powerful machine was used on the
01:57:40construction site of the new Suez Canal
01:57:42its three enormous Stakes are used to
01:57:45stabilize the Pontoon so that the
01:57:47excavator can stand on top the shovel
01:57:50digs into the canal bed and unloads the
01:57:53excavated material into a barge moored
01:57:55next to the dredger it can work on any
01:57:57type of soil this engine corresponds
01:58:00perfectly with the type of rocks in the
01:58:02region essentially sand and clay
01:58:05thank you
01:58:09since the drilling work for the canal
01:58:11started in 1859 the engineers have been
01:58:14asking themselves how will these soils
01:58:16react when they are put under water
01:58:20we go to a state-of-the-art laboratory
01:58:22at the okole ponparitec here we meet Dr
01:58:24gabas Lu a specialist in geotechnical
01:58:27engineering initially the project sought
01:58:29to establish an embankment with an
01:58:31incline of 26 degrees nevertheless due
01:58:34to the instability of the soil when
01:58:36placed underwater their original plants
01:58:38would be turned upside down
01:58:47on this reduced scale model of the Suez
01:58:50Canal The Specialist reproduces the same
01:58:52slopes as those originally imagined by
01:58:55the engineers at the time
01:59:01is
01:59:06Once the canal fills with water the
01:59:09embankment gradient softens some walls
01:59:11even collapse consequently the Basin
01:59:13fills with sand
01:59:20in the 19th century the engineers decide
01:59:23to let their Banks slope naturally
01:59:25however this means that they need to dig
01:59:27even deeper in order to reach the
01:59:29appropriate depth
01:59:32during construction traffic on the
01:59:34future Canal is intense convoys of
01:59:36barges towed by men and animals are used
01:59:38to transport the materials the
01:59:41insulation of an additional Supply Canal
01:59:43quickly begins most importantly this
01:59:45will allow fresh water to be delivered
01:59:47to the construction site this is a rare
01:59:49product in the desert region but it is
01:59:52indispensable for such work
01:59:57thanks to the canal water from the Nile
01:59:59is transported to the Isthmus from
02:00:01zagazik to ismailia joining onto the
02:00:04Suez thereafter
02:00:05the fresh water only arrives later to
02:00:08Port Saeed first through canalization
02:00:09and then through an extension of the
02:00:12Waterway
02:00:13[Music]
02:00:15fresh water canal follows the trace of a
02:00:17much older Waterway since the dawn of
02:00:19time men have been trying to cross the
02:00:21Egyptian desert by boat
02:00:23[Music]
02:00:32the characteristics
02:00:42[Music]
02:00:44for centuries the world Seabourn trade
02:00:46has been using an entirely different
02:00:48route
02:00:51the solution in connecting Europe and
02:00:53Asia lies in traveling to Egypt to
02:00:55unload the cargo the transport then
02:00:57continues on land however this is not
02:01:00the end when the groups reach the Red
02:01:02Sea the goods are loaded onto a second
02:01:04ship for the rest of the trip a real
02:01:07Expedition a new Waterway would only be
02:01:10established by the Portuguese at the end
02:01:12of the 15th century this new Waterway
02:01:14would merge the Oriental borders
02:01:16together effectively bypassing Africa
02:01:19this Voyage lasts several months
02:01:22[Music]
02:01:24nearly 300 years later a French Emperor
02:01:27reinstates the idea of drilling into the
02:01:29Isthmus of the sewers
02:01:39scientific Napoleon Bonaparte Engineers
02:01:43conclude that there are too many
02:01:45technical obstacles so the project
02:01:47ultimately falls into Oblivion
02:01:50in the middle of the 19th century one
02:01:52French diplomat decides to persevere
02:01:54with this crazy dream his name is
02:01:57Ferdinand de lessep
02:01:58[Music]
02:02:03this man would change the face of the
02:02:05world
02:02:11Series
02:02:24this extraordinary character would
02:02:26ultimately shape the drilling project of
02:02:28the Isthmus of the Suez
02:02:30in 1854 ferdinandalecep gets the
02:02:34opportunity of a lifetime when his
02:02:35friend Mohammed Saeed Pasha comes into
02:02:38power they got to know each other when
02:02:40the French diplomat was working in Egypt
02:02:42Construction
02:02:50against the exclusive power to dig a
02:02:53canal between the two oceans they would
02:02:55have the right to exploit it for 99
02:02:57years but on his construction site the
02:03:00work doesn't seem to progress after two
02:03:03years the workers don't succeed in
02:03:04removing the required amounts of sand to
02:03:07finish the canal they lack the necessary
02:03:09machinery
02:03:11foreign
02:03:23on the construction site for the new
02:03:25Canal it took less than two months to
02:03:27remove the same amount of material
02:03:37in a century and a half the quality of
02:03:39the dredgers has evolved considerably
02:03:43the incredible volume of material
02:03:45excavated in the most recent extension
02:03:48project is proof of this
02:03:50is
02:04:05but in order to reach the fixed
02:04:07excavation objectives the construction
02:04:09site required the immobilization of 75
02:04:11percent of the existing dredgers which
02:04:14amounted to approximately 40 machines
02:04:16from all over the world
02:04:20is
02:04:30a project nowadays the best judges are
02:04:34fitted with hydraulic pumps that inject
02:04:36water in order to extract the sediments
02:04:40delivery
02:04:56in his time Farina de lessep would have
02:04:59loved to work with such effective
02:05:01machines even if they had only arrived
02:05:03on the Suez Canal after the 1930s
02:05:06nowadays with unimaginable capacities
02:05:08these machines have facilitated the
02:05:11deepening of the Suez Canal
02:05:16the key feature of the cutter suction
02:05:18dredge is that it can move and work at
02:05:21the same time this was an excellent
02:05:24advantage on the construction site of
02:05:26the new Suez Canal where tasks sometimes
02:05:28had to be carried out without
02:05:30interrupting General navigation
02:05:35to find out how this machine works we
02:05:37climb aboard one of these floating
02:05:39Giants this ship works on maintaining
02:05:41the access Channel at the Port of
02:05:43Antwerp Dennis henebet is its
02:05:46engineering
02:05:53The Dredge drag head is the large tube
02:05:56trailing across the length of the hull
02:05:57that links onto the pumping system here
02:06:00it measures around 50 meters its head
02:06:02resembles that of a giant steel monster
02:06:05that is
02:06:34foreign
02:06:47injection system it has a mobile head
02:06:50this way it can adapt to fit the incline
02:06:53of the dredging area the first water
02:06:55injection sets the materials in motion
02:06:57then with assistance from the teeth a
02:07:00second injection totally decomposes the
02:07:02sediments
02:07:09[Music]
02:07:11command post for the dredge drag head is
02:07:13located in the control tower the main
02:07:15technician works with several screens
02:07:17these allow him to get an overall view
02:07:20of the depth of the Zone the performance
02:07:22of the device as well as an indication
02:07:25of the amount it has dredged
02:07:30be it mud sand or Stones the collected
02:07:33sediments are all stocked on board in
02:07:36the center of the vessel the largest
02:07:38reservoirs can reach a colossal capacity
02:07:40of up to 45
02:07:42000 cubic meters the equivalent to 12
02:07:44Olympic swimming pools
02:07:51once the well is full The Dredge drag
02:07:53head is pulled up and the ship moves to
02:07:55the excavation area
02:07:58foreign
02:08:09the shutter situated at the bottom of
02:08:11the hold helped to unload the excavated
02:08:13material into the clearing Zone this
02:08:16technique is known as piling
02:08:20it is
02:08:39[Music]
02:08:42and alternative clearing system consists
02:08:45in forcing The material through a pipe
02:08:47the excavated material can then be
02:08:49transported several kilometers away
02:08:51through the means of either a floating
02:08:53or underground piping system
02:08:56these two methods were used on the new
02:08:58Suez Canal construction site a large
02:09:00piling Zone was set up to the west of
02:09:02the great Bitter Lake the materials were
02:09:04removed via the piping system and
02:09:06unloaded into Large Hollow areas in the
02:09:09heart of the Sinai desert
02:09:12the final method employed for removing
02:09:14dredged materials is known as rainbowing
02:09:17this is normally used to beach
02:09:19nourishment
02:09:23in the 19th century the excavation of
02:09:26rubble from what will be the future
02:09:27Canal is a big problem in 1864 before
02:09:31the influx of machines the construction
02:09:34site confronts a serious crisis the
02:09:37forced labor scheme authorizing the use
02:09:39of Egyptian peasants for the work is
02:09:41abolished
02:09:45foreign
02:09:47the industrial revolution in Europe is
02:09:49in full swing the engineers thus tried
02:09:52to invent new machines to keep the
02:09:53construction site going
02:09:55leveling industries develop long
02:09:58gangways to unload the excavated
02:10:00material directly from the dredgers this
02:10:02had never been done before
02:10:04the dredger Scoops mud up from the
02:10:06bottom of the water in what will be the
02:10:08future Canal it then unloads the
02:10:10excavated material into a gutter that
02:10:13can measure up to 70 meters long
02:10:15a pump sends Jets of water to dissolve
02:10:18the extracted matter and pushes it
02:10:19towards the exit a horizontal hinge
02:10:22situated at the junction of the dredger
02:10:24helps to modify the incline of the
02:10:27gangway a metallic trellis that dress on
02:10:29an iron barge assures The Machine's
02:10:32stability
02:10:34this Innovation changes the construction
02:10:36site for good the canal progresses at an
02:10:39astounding speed but in the areas where
02:10:41the banks are more highly elevated the
02:10:43dredger with the long gangway is
02:10:45destabilized several accidents are
02:10:47accounted for
02:10:49an alternative machine is developed this
02:10:52engine known as the lift permits the
02:10:54excavation of the materials directly
02:10:56from the barge we have a meeting with
02:10:59Lionel Dufour he is the collections
02:11:01manager at the Museum of Arts and trades
02:11:06is
02:11:31consequently the steam engine shifts to
02:11:33the railway in locomotives and onto
02:11:35water on board ships it is also used in
02:11:38workshops or construction sites for
02:11:40public works as a means to support the
02:11:42other machines
02:12:17for example
02:12:19the locomobiles are also used to operate
02:12:21pumps for the long gangways the dredgers
02:12:24on the other hand use their own steam
02:12:26engine in Europe a real enthusiasm is
02:12:29generated around the technical
02:12:30revolutions established on the
02:12:32construction site
02:12:37is
02:12:50the Suez Canal company holds several
02:12:52conferences in front of a giant model of
02:12:55the project that is exhibited during the
02:12:57event along with this technical
02:12:59Revolution a series of Innovations in
02:13:01all domains soon follows
02:13:06notably in Port Saeed the engineers face
02:13:08a typically insurmountable problem there
02:13:11aren't enough stone quarries in the
02:13:12region to build the harbor Jetties one
02:13:15entrepreneur suggests that they build
02:13:17artificial blocks with a base made of
02:13:19sand and lime 30 000 blocks are made
02:13:22another building site develops within
02:13:24the Suez Canal construction site
02:13:32the construction
02:13:34the block they block the vanton is
02:13:38in the fabrication
02:13:42is
02:13:46[Music]
02:13:58this would be the first manufacturing
02:14:00site for artificial blocks in history
02:14:03the fabrication of the blocks would
02:14:05still require years of further
02:14:07development and the blocks used for the
02:14:08Jetties would need to be replaced on a
02:14:10regular basis
02:14:12another section of the construction site
02:14:14is deemed problematic for the work
02:14:16required in the elevated areas of the
02:14:18site
02:14:27foreign
02:14:39a ramp system is established along the
02:14:42length of the slope at the bottom of the
02:14:44cavity the workers dig the future Canal
02:14:46the excavated materials are loaded into
02:14:49small carts and connected to a railway
02:14:52track
02:14:53towed by steam winches they ascend the
02:14:56slope in order to reach the disposal
02:14:58site
02:14:59[Music]
02:15:03another challenge for both the past
02:15:04construction site and the latest one is
02:15:07the difficult management of the rocky
02:15:08Banks to solve this problem there is a
02:15:11machine that has been specially adapted
02:15:13to work on this type of land
02:15:17it is known as the cutter suction
02:15:19dredger this giant of the sea can
02:15:21measure up to 150 meters long and 30
02:15:24meters wide
02:15:26the dredger gets into position and fixes
02:15:29itself into the ground by using its
02:15:31large Stakes it then moves around this
02:15:33axis with the help of its lateral
02:15:35winches linked to Giant anchors the cut
02:15:38ahead is at the front of the vessel this
02:15:41enormous drill can reach up to three
02:15:43meters in diameter its Mission destroy
02:15:46the Rocks even the hardest one under the
02:15:48water and on the banks
02:15:55this giant engine is controlled from a
02:15:57steering cabin equipped with the latest
02:15:59technology dredgers such as the IBN
02:16:02batuta are capable of positioning
02:16:04themselves with Incredible Precision in
02:16:07order to carry out their demolition work
02:16:10the amount of rubble produced is truly
02:16:13phenomenal rocks sand mud clay all of
02:16:16the materials are sucked up through
02:16:18hydraulic pumps and then pushed back
02:16:20into the floating pipes and tubes laid
02:16:22out on the shore
02:16:26when it is possible to unload the
02:16:27excavated material into an underwater
02:16:30Zone the pipe connected to the cutter
02:16:32head is tied to a raft equipped with A
02:16:34continuous spreading system
02:16:37as an alternative option the excavated
02:16:40materials are unloaded onto barges that
02:16:43are moored to the dredger once they
02:16:45reach the disposal site the hull splits
02:16:47in two in order to get rid of the cargo
02:16:51foreign
02:16:52total 25 cutter suction dredgers were
02:16:55utilized on the construction site for
02:16:57the new Suez Canal this had never been
02:16:59seen before
02:17:02support
02:17:11with a horsepower of 38 000 it is one of
02:17:15the most powerful dredgers in the world
02:17:18during the 19th century the workers also
02:17:21face several Rocky obstacles while
02:17:23developing the future Canal destroying
02:17:25the Rocks requires Herculean strength a
02:17:28new machine thus Peaks the interest of
02:17:30the sewers company to help them overcome
02:17:32this difficult area
02:17:34foreign
02:17:47excavators are built especially for the
02:17:49Suez construction site the excavator
02:17:52moves on Rails positioned along the
02:17:54future canal and gradually widens it in
02:17:56the space of three years it assists in
02:17:59the removal of 9 million cubic meters of
02:18:01land a record
02:18:05its specially formed buckets allow it to
02:18:08extract a significant amount of rock
02:18:09before ascending back up to the
02:18:11excavator
02:18:15the extracted matter is taken away in
02:18:17small carts once they are all loaded a
02:18:20locomotive takes them to the disposal
02:18:21site little by little the railway line
02:18:24becomes a normal part of the
02:18:26construction site it helps not only with
02:18:28the transportation of the material but
02:18:30with the transportation of the staff as
02:18:32well these temporary railway lines are
02:18:35constructed and deconstructed as is
02:18:37necessary for excavation
02:18:39but even the kuvro excavator does not
02:18:42always succeed in destroying the rocks
02:18:45in 1869 two months before the
02:18:48inauguration of the Suez Canal Rocky
02:18:50banks are discovered in the waterway at
02:18:52a depth of four meters when in reality
02:18:54the canal should be eight meters deep
02:18:58Impressions
02:19:25the aim is to create a sufficient
02:19:27passageway for the ships of the time in
02:19:29terms of the submerged portion of the
02:19:31vessel this is what is known as the
02:19:33draft the passage is completed in the
02:19:36final weeks of the construction site
02:19:48[Music]
02:20:04[Music]
02:20:10after 10 years of Labor the Suez Canal
02:20:13finally becomes a reality the Red Sea
02:20:16and the Mediterranean Ocean join
02:20:18together
02:20:19the Waterway measures 164 kilometers in
02:20:22total the route now joins the main
02:20:24cities of the Isthmus together Port
02:20:26Saeed on the Mediterranean Ocean
02:20:28ismailia in the middle and finally
02:20:30sewers at the mouth of the gulf by the
02:20:33Red Sea
02:20:37on the 17th of November 1869 the Suez
02:20:40Canal is inaugurated it is an
02:20:43International Event
02:20:45has made the pharaoh's dream a reality
02:20:49open to all nations the Suez Canal
02:20:51changes the world Seabourn trade forever
02:20:55[Music]
02:20:59from this point onwards the journey
02:21:01between Europe and the Indies is cut in
02:21:04half to get from Marseille to Bombay the
02:21:07original distance around Africa was more
02:21:09than 19 000 kilometers with the Suez
02:21:12Canal it amounts to almost 8 000
02:21:14kilometers this is a considerable
02:21:17shortcut originally two to three months
02:21:19of navigation via the Cape of Good Hope
02:21:21would have been the norm when traveling
02:21:23between these two ports by passing
02:21:26through the Isthmus the journey is
02:21:27reduced to a single month
02:21:32at the beginning of the 20th century the
02:21:35Suez Canal company acquires an
02:21:37industrial site the general workshops
02:21:39situated in Port huad
02:21:42the naval construction site is thus at
02:21:44the height of Technology the workshops
02:21:46fabricate the company equipment more
02:21:49than a thousand individuals work there
02:21:54nevertheless during its first years of
02:21:56operation the canal maintenance service
02:21:58faces an unexpected hitch the backflow
02:22:01created by the passing of the ships
02:22:03damages the embankments
02:22:05conference
02:22:28situated close to Grenoble this
02:22:30hydraulic laboratory is still operating
02:22:32today Luke am is the maritime technical
02:22:36director here they study all sorts of
02:22:38water-related developments on smaller
02:22:40scale models
02:22:43when the Suez Canal company contacts
02:22:45them in the middle of the 20th century
02:22:47the Waterway is in bad shape
02:22:49[Music]
02:22:51is
02:23:04the laboratory recreates a section of
02:23:06the Suez Canal a smaller scale model of
02:23:09the vessel is first towed through and
02:23:11later self-propelled
02:23:14foreign
02:23:33so as to modify the shape of the hulls
02:23:36and the ships the research proved so
02:23:38Innovative that it quickly captures the
02:23:40attention of various oil companies the
02:23:43models improve the final result the
02:23:45ships move with greater ease through the
02:23:47water and the traffic of the canal is
02:23:49optimized
02:23:51in spite of all these efforts to
02:23:52maintain the Waterway further extension
02:23:55work quickly becomes inevitable the Suez
02:23:57Canal must continuously adapt to the
02:23:59ever-evolving shapes of new ships
02:24:03we find out more at the national Navy
02:24:05Museum
02:24:06is
02:24:36in 1950 40 000 ton ships are outdated
02:24:40their proportions are nothing in
02:24:42comparison to the other vessels of the
02:24:44time such as the pelus with its 2000
02:24:47tons the ship owned by the Imperial
02:24:49Maritime shipping company is one of the
02:24:51first to have traveled on the Suez Canal
02:24:53the Waterway also has to make it through
02:24:55the 20th century with all of its
02:24:57conflict
02:24:59on the 26th of July 1956 Colonel Nasser
02:25:03gives a momentous speech in front of a
02:25:04crowd of Egyptians he announces the
02:25:07nationalization of the Suez Canal the
02:25:09Western Powers react to this the United
02:25:11Kingdom France and Israel launch a
02:25:14military operation that ultimately ends
02:25:16in Failure however navigation on the
02:25:18canal is stopped for almost five months
02:25:21the canal deteriorates
02:25:28with the help of the UN Egypt repairs
02:25:31and modernizes the canal
02:25:34with its depth increased to 14 meters
02:25:37the Waterway can now handle ships with
02:25:39an 11 meter draft
02:25:43in 1967 a new crisis shakes the region
02:25:47the Six-Day War
02:25:51along with other Arab countries Egypt
02:25:53battles against Israel
02:25:54[Applause]
02:25:56the Suez Canal turns into a war zone
02:25:59sunken ships and mines obstruct the
02:26:01navigation the Basin fills with sand and
02:26:04the embankments collapse the Waterway is
02:26:06closed down
02:26:09petroleum
02:26:25[Music]
02:26:29percentage
02:26:40is
02:26:51the Egyptian authorities must act so
02:26:54with the help of the International
02:26:55Community they launch a rehabilitation
02:26:58and modernization program for the canal
02:27:01thereafter the canal doubles in size at
02:27:04four separate points to allow the ships
02:27:06to pass one another Port Saeed and
02:27:08Cabret both of which have been part of
02:27:10the site since 1955 joined onto the Bala
02:27:13bypass ultimately a new bypass at the
02:27:16great Bitter Lake spans over a five
02:27:18kilometer distance
02:27:20similarly to Motorway Junctions these
02:27:22bypasses allow the ships to travel in
02:27:24both directions
02:27:28thanks to these New Dimensions the canal
02:27:30can withstand ships weighing up to 150
02:27:33000 tons
02:27:35these ships have turned into Giants of
02:27:37the sea that need to be controlled
02:27:40[Music]
02:27:41at poreville shipaling Center in his air
02:27:44pilots and captains learn how to
02:27:46maneuver the ships with the help of
02:27:48small-scale models these mini liners
02:27:50container ships ferries and tankers all
02:27:53about a dozen meters long can hold up to
02:27:55two people
02:27:57on this five hectare Lake all sorts of
02:27:59Maritime infrastructures have been
02:28:01recreated including a section of the
02:28:03Suez Canal
02:28:06Jean-Paul Jean Jean is an instructor
02:28:08this morning he is trading two interns
02:28:11to attempt the bypass on the Suez Canal
02:28:13this maneuver is normally forbidden
02:28:16here potential errors can be pushed
02:28:18beyond the security limits it is a good
02:28:21way to test the ship's reactions is
02:28:51foreign
02:29:02this is a tenfold hazardous Maritime
02:29:05infrastructures are often overcrowded
02:29:07but how can you maneuver ships that are
02:29:09continuously increasing in speed and
02:29:11size yet lacking power
02:29:16problems foreign
02:29:18[Music]
02:29:34captains and Pilots are now learning how
02:29:37to maneuver giant ships on the Swiss
02:29:39Canal that can weigh up to 240 000 tons
02:29:43after the development of the two-way
02:29:45navigation system the draft limit is
02:29:47increased to more than 20 meters
02:29:51the canal is even at the origin of the
02:29:53measurement unit known as the Suez Max
02:29:56this unit determines the maximum
02:29:58Dimensions possible for a ship to be
02:30:00able to pass through the megastructure
02:30:02this is a constraint for certain ship
02:30:04owners Eric banel is their
02:30:06representative in France
02:30:12is
02:30:24Max one of the main objectives of the
02:30:27extension work was to adapt the Waterway
02:30:29to match the new dimensions of the
02:30:31Merchant Navy however this risks the
02:30:33disqualification of the canal even now
02:30:36it is still one of the most used
02:30:37waterways in the world
02:30:39[Music]
02:30:46Egyptians
02:30:48the Suez Canal constitutes a strategic
02:30:51passageway for maritime carriers the
02:30:54Waterway drains out almost eight percent
02:30:56of global traffic it also represents an
02:30:59enormous economic stake for the Egyptian
02:31:01authorities
02:31:02[Music]
02:31:03is
02:31:07[Music]
02:31:14[Music]
02:31:24Egypt thus has every interest to keep
02:31:27investing in its megastructure
02:31:32back at the Suez Canal we climb on board
02:31:34a container ship
02:31:35[Music]
02:31:42Max is the captain
02:31:44we are at the moment preceding a
02:31:47Northbound in Seward
02:31:49here the navigation laws are strict
02:31:52direction and speed must be constantly
02:31:54controlled in order to avoid crashing
02:31:56into another ship yeah it's going smooth
02:31:59no problems here
02:32:04a pilot from the Suez Canal Authority
02:32:07advises the captain on which Maneuvers
02:32:09to pursue this is a compulsory measure
02:32:15it's quite important to navigate
02:32:17correctly here in the canal because as
02:32:19you can see there's not much room on
02:32:21each side of the vessel this is no
02:32:24ordinary day for the captain and his
02:32:26crew this is the first time they are
02:32:28passing through the new Suez Canal
02:32:31I've been here approximately 40 times
02:32:34but today is special that we will be
02:32:36turning to starboard into the new Canal
02:32:39instead of turning support into the old
02:32:41one it is a special moment in the
02:32:44captain's career
02:32:46yeah of course it's a special uh every
02:32:49time when you do something first time
02:32:50and it will also be special now to when
02:32:52we get to the approach to the new new
02:32:55channel
02:32:56little by little the landscape changes
02:32:59[Music]
02:33:00now it's quite amazing how much sand
02:33:03they really have out of this
02:33:05canal we have mountains both sides now
02:33:09it's incredible
02:33:12[Music]
02:33:15the gem of the industrial World
02:33:18continues to blow us away with its
02:33:20Innovations
02:33:21now as a two-way navigation system the
02:33:24megastructure must overcome another
02:33:26challenge namely how to cross it
02:33:29the new Suez Canal has rendered certain
02:33:31infrastructures obsolete such as the El
02:33:34ferdan Railway Bridge at 340 meters it
02:33:37was the longest swing bridge in the
02:33:39world now it no longer serves any
02:33:41purpose
02:33:44to cross over the Dual Waterway and make
02:33:47the Sinai region more accessible several
02:33:49infrastructures will take shape a
02:33:51notable addition to the program the
02:33:53construction of two Motorway tunnels
02:33:55beneath the Suez Canal near Port Saeed
02:33:58this is an entirely new challenge as it
02:34:01involves drilling a double tube
02:34:03measuring nearly four kilometers long a
02:34:06subsequent railway tunnel may even
02:34:07accompany this technical feat
02:34:10constantly changing in size depth and
02:34:12modernity the Suez Canal is in a state
02:34:15of Perpetual transformation
02:34:17[Music]
02:34:21out at Sea a futuristic looking ship
02:34:24a high-tech command ship a giant
02:34:26helicopter carrier and an amphibious
02:34:28vessel all at once
02:34:30[Music]
02:34:36this ship the second largest vessel in
02:34:39the French navy after the aircraft
02:34:41carrier Charles de Gaulle earned its
02:34:43stripes during the most complex and
02:34:45dangerous military operations in recent
02:34:47years its strength an incredible
02:34:50versatility which allows it to perform a
02:34:52broad spectrum of missions
02:34:58we will discover the secrets behind this
02:35:00helicopter carrier which can birth right
02:35:03next to a hostile area and conduct
02:35:05amphibious operations with Incredible
02:35:07efficiency and we will find out how the
02:35:09ship transforms itself into an open
02:35:11Seaport to accommodate the biggest
02:35:13Landing crafts
02:35:18[Music]
02:35:24an additional capability despite its
02:35:27monstrous size this ship remains
02:35:29incredibly mobile thanks to
02:35:31revolutionary equipment
02:35:32foreign
02:35:39is home to a unique amphibious boat but
02:35:42it also holds a state-of-the-art
02:35:44hospital made for a city of 30 000
02:35:47inhabitants
02:35:47[Music]
02:35:56we'll discover how technology enables
02:35:58helicopters to operate blind Landings
02:36:01[Music]
02:36:05technology will go below deck to
02:36:09discover a secret weapon which
02:36:10facilitates the most dangerous maneuver
02:36:12for a helicopter the deck Landing
02:36:15the ultimate Discovery the most defended
02:36:18and secure area were only authorized and
02:36:20classified defense Personnel can go
02:36:25we have been given the rare chance to
02:36:27board this record-breaking ship the
02:36:29Thunderbolt which can carry out any of
02:36:31modern warfare's military operations
02:36:35welcome aboard this extraordinary
02:36:39warship
02:36:39[Music]
02:36:45um
02:36:46foreign
02:36:56[Music]
02:37:02at the heart of its Fleet France
02:37:04possesses a vital asset for its defense
02:37:06and National Security
02:37:08namely the bpc or projection and command
02:37:11ship
02:37:12Lebanon Libya or the China Sea this
02:37:15remarkable ship operates in all military
02:37:17operations
02:37:19this gigantic helicopter carrier is also
02:37:22an amphibious assault ship with unique
02:37:25capabilities
02:37:33after the first generation Mistral came
02:37:36the Thunderbolt in 2007 and the Dick's
02:37:39mood in 2012.
02:37:41France replaced its old barge and
02:37:44Landing carriers with these
02:37:45technological wonders they are twice as
02:37:48big as their predecessors they are
02:37:50custom built for Modern Warfare today
02:37:53Landing troops requires Maritime
02:37:55strategies and considerable helicopter
02:37:57support these three amphibious assault
02:38:00ships are perfect for this Mission their
02:38:03cargo capacity has never been matched
02:38:06we have boarded the Thunderbolt to
02:38:08understand the formidable capabilities
02:38:10of this steel Colossus
02:38:15the thunderbolt's unique profile makes
02:38:18it immediately recognizable exceptional
02:38:27[Music]
02:38:29indeed its unusual measurements are
02:38:31impressive from Port to starboard it is
02:38:3432 meters wide and it's 200 meter length
02:38:37makes it as big as two football pitches
02:38:40rest assured this Champion competes in
02:38:43the heavyweight division it tips the
02:38:45scales at 22 000 tons a sea monster
02:38:50the bpc is ranked just below the
02:38:52standard bearer of the French navy the
02:38:54Charles de Gaulle
02:38:56Airport
02:39:05this steel giant dominates The Horizon
02:39:07at its peak it is 64 meters above the
02:39:10sea or a 14-story building under the
02:39:14water its Hull sinks to a depth of more
02:39:16than six meters
02:39:18the Thunderbolt is higher than the Arc
02:39:20de Triomphe and is twice as big as its
02:39:23predecessor silhouette
02:39:30the boat meets the physical requirements
02:39:49[Music]
02:40:01it's one of the only ships in the world
02:40:04to perform so many missions
02:40:10military
02:40:37the French unveiled the BCP Thunderbolt
02:40:40in September 2017. after Hurricane Emma
02:40:43the island of samatar was completely
02:40:46devastated France played its trump card
02:40:48this extraordinary ship the only one up
02:40:51to the job
02:40:53thank you
02:40:54the Thunderbolt managed to transport
02:40:57more than 500 men 12 000 tons of cargo
02:41:00and 100 vehicles in record time over 6
02:41:03000 kilometers from Mainland France
02:41:05[Music]
02:41:13what an exceptional response to an
02:41:16urgent crisis
02:41:19[Music]
02:41:25foreign but the Thunderbolt is not just
02:41:28a humanitarian boat above all it is
02:41:31tailor-made for war prioritizing
02:41:33amphibious operations
02:41:37this concept was born during the second
02:41:40world war at the time of the Normandy
02:41:42Landings on the 6th of June 1944 42 000
02:41:46Landing barges unloaded 156
02:41:50000 men on normandy's beaches to launch
02:41:52an attack on the German defenses
02:42:07[Music]
02:42:22Russia and China should also be added to
02:42:25this club in all only five nations are
02:42:28capable of deploying an intervention of
02:42:30this scale by sea amphibious military
02:42:32operations are without doubt the most
02:42:35complex that an army must master
02:42:39foreign
02:42:58Landing people and armored vehicles
02:43:01directly into an enemy Port is
02:43:03impossible
02:43:05as a result you have to transfer
02:43:08thousands of troops and their cargo onto
02:43:10barges out at sea
02:43:12for these troops reefs waves and sand
02:43:16are just as life-threatening as enemy
02:43:19fire
02:43:19[Music]
02:43:24he tackles these challenges using
02:43:25revolutionary technological solutions
02:43:31number one the bus is able to turn
02:43:33itself into an open Seaport
02:43:38the stern of the Thunderbolt is made up
02:43:40of an enormous Warehouse called an apron
02:43:52this apron can transform into an inland
02:43:55port
02:43:56it can fit up to four Landing barges
02:43:59another Advantage aboard the bpc
02:44:01Thunderbolt we load men and armored
02:44:03vehicles away from the hull just as
02:44:06easily as we do on land
02:44:08[Music]
02:44:12is
02:44:21to turn into an inland Port the
02:44:24Thunderbolt is equipped with the same
02:44:26system as the one submarines have it has
02:44:29two big holes called ballasts at the bow
02:44:33and stern of the boat these ballasts
02:44:35with a total capacity of 10 000 cubic
02:44:38meters are custom filled to weigh down
02:44:41the boat
02:44:42it can sink up to two meters into the
02:44:45water along its entire length
02:44:47thanks to this ballast system the stern
02:44:50of the bpc ends up below the water line
02:44:54[Music]
02:44:58is
02:45:05[Music]
02:45:09a very delicate maneuver tilting the
02:45:12ship must be measured within one degree
02:45:15this operation is carried out in record
02:45:17speed it takes 30 minutes to lower all
02:45:21the Inland Water Shipping into the water
02:45:23[Music]
02:45:30the operations
02:45:42there are four pumps two little ones at
02:45:45the front two more powerful ones at the
02:45:47back they power the ballasts thanks to
02:45:50enormous pipes with a circumference of
02:45:53almost a meter
02:45:54this group of pumps is phenomenally
02:45:56powerful combined they pump out 15 000
02:46:00cubic meters of water per hour they only
02:46:04need 10 minutes to fill the Basin of an
02:46:06Olympic swimming pool
02:46:09[Music]
02:46:21This ship's huge apron can store two
02:46:23types of amphibious boat
02:46:26the equipment carrying barges or ctm and
02:46:29the rapid amphibious Landing Vehicles
02:46:31the edar the ctm is a robust all-terrain
02:46:36vehicle but It suffers from one major
02:46:38drawback a very short range which forces
02:46:42the Thunderbolt to get right up close to
02:46:44the coast and in doing so expose itself
02:46:47to enemy fire
02:46:49its lack of speed explains its limited
02:46:52range its flat bottom which allows it to
02:46:55get very close to the beach is not very
02:46:57hydrodynamic at all the French navy had
02:47:00to find a solution an amphibious boat
02:47:02capable of going quickly for a long way
02:47:05and a long time while maintaining the
02:47:08ability to land on the beach
02:47:18foreign
02:47:332011 the edar is the Inseparable
02:47:36extension of amphibious assault ships
02:47:39the French navy has four edar their
02:47:42performance makes them indispensable to
02:47:44Landing operations indeed they move four
02:47:47times faster than the barges
02:47:49[Music]
02:48:03at full power the edar transports 80
02:48:07tons at more than 60 kilometers per hour
02:48:10what's more this Formula One car of the
02:48:13Seas turns into a 4x4 near the
02:48:19beaches
02:48:37to go into the barge mode the edar
02:48:40lowers its Central platform by 4 meters
02:48:43it also reduces its draft the submerged
02:48:47part of the hull which goes from 2
02:48:49meters 40 to only 80 centimeters it is
02:48:53the only vehicle in the world able to
02:48:56perform such a transformation
02:48:58and those are not its only qualities it
02:49:01is also extremely mobile this is
02:49:04particularly useful when it has to go
02:49:06into the belly of the Thunderbolt with
02:49:08its impressive Dimensions the operation
02:49:10is dangerous
02:49:14[Music]
02:49:18um
02:49:28foreign
02:49:39[Music]
02:49:55this reactivity is essential because
02:49:58only 50 centimeters separates the edar
02:50:01and the walls of the apron on either
02:50:03side the slightest error can have
02:50:06dramatic consequences
02:50:08[Music]
02:50:25foreign
02:50:42[Music]
02:50:58[Music]
02:51:02is the speed of execution
02:51:05the incredible speed of the edar is one
02:51:08of the keys to its success a
02:51:10revolutionary Landing technique is
02:51:12another its name the door-to-door
02:51:18[Music]
02:51:24clubs
02:51:33for this operation the Thunderbolt only
02:51:35uses its rear ballasts this also pushes
02:51:38the stern of the boat into the water
02:51:41the apron is exactly at sea level the
02:51:44doors of the amphibious ships rest on
02:51:46the rear of the giant like they would at
02:51:48a dock
02:51:52the remarkable capacity of this doorway
02:51:55facilitates the unloading of heavy
02:51:57Vehicles the doorway could even hold a
02:52:00Colossus like the 60-ton Leclerc tank
02:52:04the great advantage of this technique is
02:52:07accelerating the rhythm of the rotations
02:52:09without the risks involved in boarding
02:52:11the apron
02:52:14however the maneuver requires perfect
02:52:16coordination between the ships the
02:52:19slightest error and precious equipment
02:52:21will end up on the sea floor
02:52:26to avoid such a tragedy the Thunderbolt
02:52:30must maintain a constant speed and
02:52:31direction this technique is only
02:52:34possible due to the ship's exceptional
02:52:36maneuverability
02:52:38is
02:52:54to understand the unexpected agility of
02:52:57this monster we have to go below the
02:52:59water where two connected motors which
02:53:02we call pods are hidden is
02:53:11foreign
02:53:20these pods are revolutionary two simple
02:53:23joysticks are enough to guide them
02:53:29is
02:53:40on a traditional ship the shafting line
02:53:43which links the propellers to the motor
02:53:45prevents the propellers from being
02:53:47guided you therefore have to steer the
02:53:50ship with a Rudder on the three active
02:53:52duty bpcs the 7000 kilowatt electric
02:53:55motors are directly inside the pods the
02:53:59propellers become independent the boats
02:54:02are easy to maneuver
02:54:04as for the electricity the pods require
02:54:06it is produced by three big diesel
02:54:08motors each 6400 kilowatts which could
02:54:12power an electric power plant is
02:54:27this is another advantage of the pods by
02:54:30freeing the shafting line and moving the
02:54:32machine's room to the front the
02:54:34Thunderbolt like the Dick's mood and the
02:54:36Mistral benefits from a much larger
02:54:38apron
02:54:42once not the custom civil engineering
02:54:45now serves the military
02:54:47benefits
02:54:58shipyards equipped with world-renowned
02:55:00expertise with the first to try out the
02:55:03pods on the giant Liners in 2001.
02:55:07foreign
02:55:18ppcs are the only ships in the French
02:55:20navy to possess such an Innovative
02:55:23system they have also profited from
02:55:26applicable construction techniques in
02:55:27aeronautics
02:55:30the ship's installments were built
02:55:32simultaneously then assembled at one
02:55:34site
02:55:35this installment-based assembly
02:55:37technique has one huge Advantage a
02:55:40record speed of delivery which reduced
02:55:42construction time from four years to
02:55:45three
02:55:45[Music]
02:55:49despite their performance the pods do
02:55:51not explain the extraordinary
02:55:53maneuverability of the 22 000 ton
02:55:55Colossus alone
02:55:57the Thunderbolt has a second propulsion
02:56:00system these are the bow thrusters two
02:56:03propellers at the front of the ship
02:56:05the combination of both thrusters and
02:56:07pods makes this sea monster as easy to
02:56:10maneuver as a simple pleasure boat
02:56:14this is a massive Advantage when it
02:56:16comes to any Precision Maneuvers such as
02:56:18entering and leaving ports
02:56:21possible
02:56:31the considerable maneuverability of the
02:56:33bpc in relation to its size offers
02:56:36another premium benefit
02:56:37positioning the ship in the best way
02:56:40when the weather interferes currents
02:56:43winds waves quickly make amphibious
02:56:45Maneuvers very dangerous
02:56:48there is a solution to mitigate their
02:56:50impact position the ship opposite the
02:56:53swell in the wind is
02:57:08the bpc acts like a rock or an island
02:57:11would and as soon as the wind changes
02:57:13and a crosswind picks up the bpc thanks
02:57:16to the mobility of its pods repositions
02:57:18itself very quickly to carry out
02:57:20Maneuvers these operations are possible
02:57:23if certain wind thresholds are not
02:57:25exceeded beyond that the waves get
02:57:27larger and the risk of an accident
02:57:29become too high
02:57:35foreign
02:57:43let's not get lost
02:57:51the bpc's propulsion system performs so
02:57:54well that it gives the French navy a new
02:57:56Tactical possibility which
02:57:58revolutionizes amphibious Maneuvers they
02:58:01are simpler faster and above all safer
02:58:03now this Innovative tactic is called
02:58:06self-positioning take hold of the pods
02:58:09and bow thrusters
02:58:18a GPS
02:58:20is
02:58:24reference
02:58:40there's no one in charge anymore the GPS
02:58:43transmits positional information which
02:58:45immediately guides the pods then the
02:58:48ship can maintain its position
02:58:49continually no more need to drop the
02:58:52anchor
02:58:57[Music]
02:59:04Institute foreign
02:59:13[Applause]
02:59:15[Music]
02:59:18s an entirely new dimension but beyond
02:59:22these Innovations the unique size of the
02:59:25Thunderbolt allows it to punch above its
02:59:27weight with 37 000 cubic meters spread
02:59:31across 11 Bridges and two giant
02:59:34warehouses it makes the most of an
02:59:36enormous capacity it can easily store
02:59:40100 vehicles in its Depot just above the
02:59:43apron
02:59:45with a surface of 3600 meters squared
02:59:49this platform is so big that you can
02:59:51almost forget you are on a boat
02:59:53everything is securely docked here
02:59:55movements are choreographed with maximum
02:59:58Precision by an experienced crew
03:00:04thank you
03:00:07[Music]
03:00:09and to avoid the accumulation of Highly
03:00:12poisonous exhaust gases powerful
03:00:14ventilation systems constantly circulate
03:00:17the air the boat holds vehicles but also
03:00:19men it can transport 450 soldiers or a
03:00:23full battalion
03:00:26is also worth mentioning the sailors who
03:00:29guarantee the day-to-day running of the
03:00:31ship
03:00:32is
03:00:42200 general staff Sailors who have
03:00:44boarded the Thunderbolt can also find
03:00:46room
03:00:48in total the bpc can accommodate up to
03:00:51900 soldiers
03:00:52[Music]
03:01:02an essential autonomy to protect forces
03:01:05as close as possible to a conflict Zone
03:01:07the Thunderbolt can cover 10 000
03:01:10kilometers and spend 45 days at Sea
03:01:13distance
03:01:19downtown
03:01:28since the design stage this warship has
03:01:30been designed in line with the current
03:01:32standards on cruise liners
03:01:34[Music]
03:01:37with a 37 000 meter Square living area
03:01:40the ship takes care of its men kitchen
03:01:43fridge storage everything is in
03:01:45proportion with the unusual size of this
03:01:47ship
03:01:49the living area is very comfortable
03:01:51there is one exception when the ship is
03:01:54at its maximum cargo capacity the
03:01:56warehouses turn into makeshift camps
03:02:04in Wartime the most complex and
03:02:07demanding operations are without doubt
03:02:09amphibious operations
03:02:12because they unravel in two different
03:02:13environments in the sea and on land with
03:02:17completely opposite pressures and
03:02:19because they are conducted thousands of
03:02:21kilometers away from the command center
03:02:22so for the Army it's clear that one of
03:02:25the conditions for winning the battle is
03:02:27to position the general staff as close
03:02:29to the land as possible
03:02:32possible
03:02:46here again the Thunderbolt offers a
03:02:49unique solution in its heart lies a
03:02:51command center that performs as well as
03:02:53anything of its kind in the world
03:02:56[Music]
03:02:58being given special authorization to go
03:03:00into this area the most sensitive part
03:03:02of the bpc
03:03:04Behind These heavy armored doors 200
03:03:07high-ranked officers belonging to the
03:03:09three Army Services prepare operations
03:03:11in deepest secrecy
03:03:17no screens documents or means of
03:03:20communication can be filmed here
03:03:22everything is top secret defense
03:03:24information
03:03:26equipped with the most specialized means
03:03:28of communication via an encrypted
03:03:30satellite connection the ship can
03:03:32communicate simultaneously with the
03:03:35naval forces surrounding it the land
03:03:37troops the defense Ministry thousands of
03:03:39kilometers away or even the Elysee the
03:03:42French president's official residence
03:03:46kilometers of cables run along its
03:03:48gangways and Link the 600 computer
03:03:50workstations in the Army Staff Zone
03:03:54this Center is not randomly placed in
03:03:56the ship its position is strategic
03:04:02the hull of the ship naturally blocks
03:04:04electric and electromagnetic waves
03:04:07acting as a faraday cage
03:04:09[Music]
03:04:13is
03:04:29the strength of the Thunderbolt lies in
03:04:32its ability to position itself near the
03:04:34battlefield while staying safe this
03:04:37Advantage allows it to perform a more
03:04:38surprising fundamental Mission foreign
03:04:59[Music]
03:05:09the resource
03:05:18the hospital is on the fifth level just
03:05:21below the flight deck
03:05:23the surface area of 1 000 square meters
03:05:26and has 69 medical beds this is
03:05:29equivalent to a hospital of a city with
03:05:3130 000 inhabitants
03:05:37foreign
03:05:46[Music]
03:05:50to
03:05:52be dealt with quickly
03:05:56[Music]
03:05:59because
03:06:13foreign
03:06:30with these two operating theaters a room
03:06:33reserved for serious Burns and another
03:06:35for sterilization this hospital ship
03:06:38comes with the same demands norms and
03:06:40Equipment as a big hospital on land
03:06:42truly effective
03:06:45foreign
03:07:03[Music]
03:07:12the Thunderbolt is a warship and above
03:07:16all a heliport on water it has a flight
03:07:18deck with a total service area of 5 200
03:07:22square meters
03:07:24six closely connected pads are spread
03:07:26along its 200 meter Runway it can cater
03:07:29for all the on-duty helicopters in the
03:07:31French army as well as NATO's ones
03:07:35first pad at the front of the ship has
03:07:37been strengthened to Bear 27 tons to
03:07:40support the heaviest helicopters in the
03:07:43world and even the hybrid airplane the
03:07:46mv-22 osprey
03:07:56today this is the largest helicopter
03:07:59carrier the French navy has ever
03:08:01designed its size proves the importance
03:08:04of airlift operations during amphibious
03:08:07Warfare universe
03:08:23foreign
03:08:39[Music]
03:08:49to use its Maritime strength the bpc
03:08:52Thunderbolt has found unique
03:08:54technological solutions
03:08:59its Airborne strengths are the result of
03:09:01tackling many challenges and coming up
03:09:03with innovative solutions being a
03:09:06floating heliport brings with it
03:09:08limitations that are proportional to its
03:09:10considerable advantages
03:09:26restaurant
03:09:31everything is more complicated on water
03:09:33than on land
03:09:35the first problem The Limited space on
03:09:37the deck
03:09:38due to a lack of space but also to avoid
03:09:41capsizing because of a strong wave or a
03:09:43sudden gust of wind the helicopters are
03:09:45stored in a 1 800 square meter Depot
03:09:48just below the flight deck this means
03:09:51you constantly need to move the Choppers
03:09:53[Music]
03:09:56problem it isn't that easy to move these
03:09:59technological jewels
03:10:00foreign
03:10:12[Music]
03:10:53foreign
03:10:58T can store a maximum of 16 helicopters
03:11:01in its Depot of course their number
03:11:03depends on their size
03:11:05because between the little gazelle and
03:11:07the Puma their size may vary by more
03:11:10than double
03:11:12well foreign
03:11:46every minute counts on a warship so that
03:11:49Choppers get to the flight deck as
03:11:51quickly as possible the Thunderbolt is
03:11:53equipped with unusual kit it operates
03:11:56not one but two Rising platforms with a
03:11:59maximum thrust of 13 tons each the
03:12:02rising platforms are used for any type
03:12:04of on-duty helicopter in the French army
03:12:07the smallest platform is on the left
03:12:10hand side of the ship it is 18 meters
03:12:12long and six and a half meters wide the
03:12:16biggest platform is at the rear at 15 by
03:12:1915 meters its size enables it to lift up
03:12:22a helicopter with open rotors a crucial
03:12:25Time Saver when you are waiting for a
03:12:27helicopter during an operation
03:12:29but this is a very precise movement
03:12:32because only 20 centimeters separate the
03:12:35top of the doors and the fragile rotors
03:12:37[Music]
03:12:54[Music]
03:12:58the rising platform functions using a
03:13:01hydraulic system of cables and pulleys
03:13:03this is an iron-clad guarantee that it
03:13:06is Rock Solid it takes two and a half
03:13:09minutes for the helicopter to be lifted
03:13:11onto the runway
03:13:13after this first problem of moving the
03:13:15Choppers there is a second issue the
03:13:17lack of space if the flight deck looks
03:13:20like any other land heliport with its
03:13:22Runway and control tower you're not
03:13:24wrong this floating heliport is much
03:13:27smaller and as the saying goes less
03:13:30space more risk
03:13:31[Music]
03:13:39one bit of technical maintenance on an
03:13:42aircraft is all it takes for the deck to
03:13:44be flooded and with several machines the
03:13:47risks of accident are very high
03:13:51foreign
03:13:58so here the takeoff and Landing
03:13:59procedures are very different from the
03:14:02ones carried out on land
03:14:07simultaneous
03:14:11um
03:14:21as soon as the helicopter reaches a high
03:14:24enough altitude it flies from the bridge
03:14:26to the Sea there is a specific reason
03:14:29for this is
03:14:40thank you
03:14:43[Music]
03:14:52there is a process for everything on
03:14:54ships like this if the engine is damaged
03:14:56or there is serious damage due to the
03:14:59enemy fire the chopper is guided to pad
03:15:016 at the rear of the ship is
03:15:04[Music]
03:15:25[Applause]
03:15:26flying and especially landing at Sea is
03:15:29more complicated than on land in broad
03:15:32daylight and above all at night the sky
03:15:34and the Sea blur into one another which
03:15:37clouds once Judgment of the terrain
03:15:56the Chopper's cockpit makes it worse for
03:15:59the pilot
03:16:05foreign
03:16:22so the bpc has inbuilt technology which
03:16:26comes to our Aid and avoids crashing on
03:16:28the deck
03:16:29it's called ipd or slope and descent
03:16:32indicator
03:16:34is
03:16:51this guiding beam is made up of three
03:16:53colors orange green and red if the pilot
03:16:56is too high he will see an orange beam
03:16:59which tells him he is not descending
03:17:01quickly enough however if the beam is
03:17:04red the pilot must correct his descent
03:17:07to avoid bumping into the deck
03:17:09the green beam tells him his descent is
03:17:12right on track
03:17:15is
03:17:22this way despite the boat moving the
03:17:25beam always indicates a four degree
03:17:27slope
03:17:29getting closer to the deck it's the
03:17:32yellow dog's turn to take over from the
03:17:34ipd's light rays
03:17:40The Landing quickly becomes complicated
03:17:41in bad weather conditions at Sea the
03:17:44wind is much stronger than on land this
03:17:47is a real danger for Airborne Maneuvers
03:17:49there is always a risk of losing control
03:17:52um
03:18:04and for once the size of the Thunderbolt
03:18:07is not an advantage
03:18:12is
03:18:22the helicopter carrier does everything
03:18:24it can to resolve this problem the
03:18:27solution a quick maneuver to face the
03:18:29wind head on while pods and both
03:18:32thrusters are used during amphibious
03:18:34Maneuvers they are also a major
03:18:36advantage during Airborne operations the
03:18:39boat uses its extreme maneuverability to
03:18:42direct its Flight Deck into the wind and
03:18:44soften the turbulence
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